Chemistry Coursework †Fuels Essay -- GCSE Chemistry Coursework Invest

Chemistry coursework – Fuels Planning ======== Aim --- In this investigation I will have to find out which of the alcohol fuels: methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol, is the best. The ‘best’ one will be the one which creates the most energy whilst burning. Introduction and prediction --------------------------- A fuel is a substance burned for heat or power. The best type of fuel is one that: can be transported safely without the worry of it catching on fire, gives out a lot of heat for a certain mass, does not cost very much, lights quickly, burns slowly, is safe to use and does not give off any form of polluting gases. When burning alcohols, as I am going to do in this investigation, the reaction is exothermic as heat is given out. Breaking the bonds of the original alcohol by burning requires energy-it is endothermic, making the bonds of the new products of burning the alcohol ie carbon dioxide and water gives out energy-it is exothermic. I predict that Butanol will require the most energy as it has the most bonds holding the carbon, oxygen and hydrogen atoms together. Propanol will require the second largest amount of energy, Ethanol the third and Methanol the least amount of energy to break these bonds. Methanol CH3OH Ethanol C2H5OH Propanol C3H7OH Butanol C4H9OH Pentanol C5H10OH Therefore I predict that Methanol will be the ‘best’ fuel, followed by Ethanol, then Propanol and the worst fuel will be Buta...

The Jesuit Legacy in India

The Jesuit Legacy in India Abstract: The Jesuits arrived in India in 1542 A. D. to carry out Christ’s command to â€Å"go and make disciples of all nations† (Matthew 28:19). Over the last 500 years, they have woven themselves into the very fabric of India with deep psychological, theological and sociological connotations. This article tells that story; highlights some noteworthy Jesuit influences on Modern India, particularly in the fields of education, medicine, social service and leadership training amongst the youth; and, draws leadership lessons from these Jesuit achievements.The Jesuits demonstrated servant leadership, transformational leadership, and transactional leadership qualities. Without the Jesuits, the article concludes, India would be a different country. The Jesuit Legacy in India Ad majorem Dei gloriam. For the greater glory of God. That’s the motto of a religious order of men called the Society of Jesus that has quietly influenced India, and pro vided understated leadership to the world’s largest democracy in many positive ways deserving of recognition.The influence of the Jesuits in India extends beyond just the spread of Christianity, weaving intricate psychological, theological and sociological patterns into the very fabric of modern Indian society. Professor George Menachery – appointed by Pope Benedict XVI as member of the Pontifical Equestrian Order of St. Gregory the Great in early 2008, and editor of the St.Thomas Christian Encyclopedia of India and the Indian Church History Classics – writes in Volume III of the former publication: the â€Å"factor which has won the Society a lasting place in the minds of the people and in the history of the nation is the large number of spheres which it has penetrated and permeated,† and goes on to list religion, spirituality, politics, education, science, technology, meteorology, diplomacy, indology, culture, history, geography, language, literature, a rt, architecture, sports, medicine, healthcare, social reforms, leadership formation, tribal and aboriginal movements, and nation-building as some of the contributions of the Jesuits to modern India. Brief History The organization was founded in 1534 by St. Ignatius Loyola (1491–1556), and received papal authorization in 1540 under Pope Paul III. Amongst the original six members was St. Francis Xavier, who was an ardent missionary with the passion to take Christ’s message to the East. He arrived in India in 1542, almost fifteen centuries after St. Thomas the Apostle had brought Christianity to India.With the arrival of Xavier, began a saga of leadership by the Society of Jesus in India that continues to this day, almost 500 years later. Pre-British India The expanding influence on the Jesuits on 17th century pre-British India has been well documented by historians, among them Ellison Banks Findly, who writes in Nur Jahan, Empress of Mughal India (Oxford University Pres s) that Mughal Emperor Jahangir (1569-1627) granted the Jesuits many privileges, and spent â€Å"every night for one year†¦ in hearing disputation† amongst Christian and other theologians, and that his â€Å"most active interest in Christian doctrine was in the debates held at his court between the Jesuit fathers and the Muslim mullas. In fact, the Jesuit Mission of the Great Moghul was started at the request of Emperor Akbar, with Father Rudolph Acquaviva, the future Martyr, as its first Superior.The Jesuit Mission in Madura in the south was also begun at the request of the Hindu viceroy (nayakka) established in Madura, and later supported by Zulfikar Ali Khan (1690-1703), the first Nawab of the Carnatic. The Madura Mission counted among its members the celebrated Father Robert de Nobili, as well as Saint John de Britto. British India With the onset of British rule over India that effectively began in 1757 after the Battle of Plassey, the Jesuits found greater favor wi th the erstwhile powers. They began exerting increasing influence not only on the Christians in India, but also on the society at large.Even the Maharajas – whom the British allowed to reign as long as they paid their due taxes to the Crown – and their war councils and civil administrations, were positively influenced by the Jesuits, right from Goa to Cochin to Cape Comorin to Manapad to Mannar to Mylapore. Independent India By the time the British Empire was overthrown and independent India emerged in 1947, the Jesuits had entrenched themselves deeply into Indian society by way of leading and high-profile educational institutions, hospitals, charity organizations and other enterprises that became effective partners of the government in the young democracy in supporting growth.Professor George Menachery writes in The St. Thomas Christian Encyclopedia of India (Vol. III 2010): â€Å"the ubiquitous nature of the Society has through its varied missions become one of the most powerful influences in Indian history. Today there is hardly any Catholic ecclesiastical division in India or any revenue district in the country for that matter which does not boast some Jesuit enterprise or other, be it a school or a college, a technical training institute or an engineering establishment, a printing press or an infirmary, a seminary or a social service centre. † Psychological Influence on India Discipline positively impacted the Indian psycheThe Jesuit movement gathered force right in the middle of the Catholic revival called the Counter-Reformation that began with the Council of Trent (1545-1563) as a response to the Protestant Reformation, and ended with the Thirty Years’ War in 1648. Pope Paul III (1534–1549) led the Council of Trent, and tasked the attending cardinals with institutional reform to impact ecclesiastical (or structural) reconfiguration, religious orders, spiritual movements and political dimensions of the Catholic Church. New religious orders – such as the Jesuits, Capuchins, Ursulines, Theatines, Discalced Carmelites, and the Barnabites – were a fundamental part of this movement, and Jesuits in particular, greatly bolstered rural parishes, enhanced popular piety, succeeded in constraining corruption within the church, and played an exemplary role in overall Catholic renewal.These activities extended well into India. The Jesuit charter established by St. Ignatius Loyola was dictatorial and military-like (possibly emanating from the fact that Ignatius was a soldier before he became a priest); and, this iron discipline, rigid training and resolute character of the Jesuits created a deep psychological impact on the Indian psyche. Rev. Fr. Jerome Francis, a current Jesuit missionary in the Calcutta Province, opines that this perception of extreme discipline sat well with the general Indian populace and the rulers, and consequently boded well for the next phase of Jesuit growth in the count ry. Helped prevent Mysticism amongst Indian ChristiansAn example of rigid and inflexible discipline can be discerned in regulations such as Rule-13 of the Jesuit Charter that said: â€Å"I will believe that the white that I see is black if the hierarchical Church so defines it† (Jesuit Political Thought: The Society of Jesus and the State by Harro Hopfl, Cambridge University Press, 2004). Ursula King writes in Christian Mystics: The Spiritual Heart of the Christian Tradition (Simon & Schuster, 1998) that such rigid principles helped prevent the spread of mysticism amongst Christians in India, even while mysticism ran high in parts of Europe during the Catholic revival, with leaders like Teresa of Avila (1515-82) and John of the Cross (1542-91). The spread of mysticism made the institutional Church especially nervous because, carried to its logical conclusion, mysticism negates the need for priesthood and the sacraments.Since one of the central tenets of Hinduism is a formless God (â€Å"Thou art formless; thy only form is our knowledge of thee† – Upanishads), Christians exposed to Hindu thought were especially prone mysticism, as has been proven over and over again by later-day Christian mystics like Father Bede Griffiths (1906-1993) and Henry le Saux (1910-1973). Closer psychological integration with Hindu society The Jesuits also introduced to India the Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius, which was endorsed by Pope Paul III in 1548, and exemplified the Society of Jesus in the way these exercises helped the Jesuits understand human relationship with God, and live a life of commitment to Christ. The Exercises were a set of meditations, prayers and mental exercises designed to be carried out typically over a four week period, aimed at helping individuals discern Jesus in their lives and commit to a life of service to Christ.This rigid Jesuit tradition has been compared with devotionalism, and provided close parallels to Hindu ritualistic tradi tions, and helped psychologically in the closer integration of the Jesuits into Hindu society. Theological Influence Setting up of Seminaries Jesuits believed in establishing seminaries for the proper training of priests in the spiritual life and the theological traditions of the Church. Consequently, they set up several seminaries in India to dispense theological knowledge. Styled after the successful seminary of the Malankara Orthodox Church that was founded by St. Thomas, the Apostle in A. D. 52, and the Rachol Seminary founded in 1521 by the Church of Goa, the earliest Jesuit seminary was the St.Joseph's Inter-diocesan Seminary, Mangalore established in 1763; followed by St. Joseph’s Seminary started in West Bengal in 1879; and, the Society of the Missionaries of St. Francis Xavier founded in 1887 in Pilar. Today there are at least 22 Jesuit seminaries, many of them degree granting institutions authorized by the Vatican and the government of India. The foremost example of Jesuit theological excellence is the Vidyajyoti College of Theology in Delhi that currently enrolls hundreds of students coming from some 70 religious congregations, dioceses, secular institutes and lay associations from every part of India and abroad. Setting up of ChurchesOne of the earliest Jesuit churches was established by St. Francis Xavier himself in Tuticorin. Originally called the Jesuit Church of Saint Paul, its status was raised to that of a Basilica by Pope Paul II to mark its 400th anniversary, and is now known as the Basilica of Our Lady of the Snows, Tuticorin. St. Paul’s Churchaty in Diu on the west coast of India dates back to 1610. In all, there are over 110 Jesuit Churches in India, and these churches have always integrated well with Indian society in general, and with people from other faiths, in particular. To cite one example of this integration: During midnight mass on Christmas Eve in St.Paul’s Cathedral in Calcutta, the rush of Hindus is so he avy that the Church installs a loudspeaker system in the large gardens surrounding the Church, so that hundreds of Hindus who could not gain entry into the Cathedral, can sit and listen to the rituals. Evangelism Jesus commanded his eleven disciples to: â€Å"†¦ go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, and teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you. And surely I am with you always, to the very end of the age. † – Matthew 28:19,20 NIV. The Jesuits had evangelism as one of their stated goals, and their efforts first spread Christianity along the western â€Å"Konkan† coast of India. The Jesuits then spread both southwards (towards Madura) and northwards (towards Agra), continually converting Hindus and Muslims to Christianity. Rev. H. Hosten, S. J. writes in Jesuit Missionaries in Northern India and Inscriptions on their Tombs (1580-1803): â€Å"Under (Mughal Emperor) Jah angir†¦ several Mohamedan Princes were baptized†, among them â€Å"Currown, another of Jahangir's sons, and other of his friends (to make his way easier to the Crown) prevailed with Jahangir that his kinsmen Shaw Selym's Brother's Sons might be Christened; which accordingly was done in Agra†¦ that year they also baptized another Grandson of Akbar's. † Until the Protestant Missionaries came to India in the 18th century, the Jesuits were the prime force of evangelism in India. Typical and often quoted, but not unique, proactive initiative to reach out to the Indian masses is practiced today by the Indian Theological Seminary (ITS).Founded by the Jesuits, ITS is now an interdenominational seminary located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, with Gilgal Gospel Mission as its missionary training arm. The Gilgal Gospel Mission trains men and women, and sends them out into the world at large in pairs, into Hindu villages, with a view to them establishing friendship in the villag es, and starting, first, Sunday Schools and, later, Churches. ITS prepares three types of Church planters (a) bare foot evangelists (C. Th), (b) Bachelor of Theology (B. Th), and (c) Master of Divinity (M. Div). Graduates who prepare at ITS fulfill its mission of â€Å"Preaching Christ and Planting Churches† in every village, town and city.Many return to their homes in the various parts of India to continue teaching, preaching, and planting churches. Today, Christianity is India's third-largest religion, with approximately 24 million followers, constituting 2. 3% of India's population. The popularization of Annual Retreats amongst Priests and the Populace As noted earlier, the Jesuits avidly pursued the implementation of the Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius that were a set of meditations, prayers and mental exercises designed to be practiced in the form of a four week meditative retreat from normal life. The basic purpose of these retreats was to mediate the human-God relation ship; and, periodically re-examine and re-validate the nuances of that relationship.Such annual retreats became popular in India not only amongst the Jesuit priests, but even amongst priests from other faiths. The concept of retreats spread to the corporate world too, and Sunanda Dutta-Ray writing in The Statesman dated January 26, 2006, mention three instances where Chief Executive Officers of large Indian corporations – all Jesuit alumni – instituted the concept of a 3-day annual retreat modeled after their experience in school. Sociological Influence The largest visible Jesuit influence on India has been the wide and deep sociological impact – in terms of the development of the Indian people and societies – that is discernible everywhere.Jesuit Education With over 30 excellent high schools, over 10 high profile colleges for higher education, and innumerable elementary schools and vocational training centers all over India, Jesuit education is much soug ht after in the country. The foremost examples of Jesuit higher education are the Vellore Medical College and Hospital, one of India’s foremost teaching hospitals, Xavier Labor Relations Institute, one of India’s foremost business schools. Even St. Xavier’s College in Calcutta has produced many industry leaders, the foremost amongst them is Lakshmi Mittal, whose company – ArcelorMittal – is today the world’s largest steel producer.Loyola College in Chennai has similarly produced many leaders for the country, even a President (Ramaswamy Venkataraman) and a world chess champion (Viswanathan Anand). Most of these educational institutions date back to the earlier part of the 20th century, if not earlier still, and played a vigorous role in nation-building when India became independent. Former President of India, Abdul Kalam, lauded the Jesuits’ role in India education, while opening the 6th global meet of Jesuit institutions in Calcutta: â€Å"†Jesuit institutions have a big role in the spread of modern education in the country. Being a Jesuit alumnus myself, I'm aware of the great contribution of Jesuit education not only in India but around the world† (as reported by Krittivas Mukherjee for Indo-Asian News Service).Not content to be restricted to India alone, Jesuits from Calcutta recently gave education in Afghanistan a boost, when two of them – Maria Joseph and Sahaya Jude – recently travelled to the war-torn country and started training students and teachers (as reported in the The Telegraph, Jan 4, 2010). It should be mentioned in passing that all Jesuit education in India is completely secular. Catholic students are given additional training in Catechism, but students of other faiths are usually treated to a secular Moral Science lecture, or – at most – a watered down Bible History. Jesuit Social Work Jesuits have deeply been involved in social work and social reform.W hole books can be written on this subject alone, because these engagements have been – and continue to be – so numerous and so vigorous. Caritas India has been at the forefront of traditional social work, as the front organization for Catholic Charities, with thousands of people and hundreds of project sites spanning all across the country. It is only one of the more visible ones; in general, almost every Jesuit organization practices social work in its immediate vicinity, and engages the students of all its nationwide institutions in social activities. For instance, the Vidyajyoti College of Theology in Delhi has very active prison ministry, hospital ministry, slum ministry, tribal ministry, neighborhood ministry, and even a railway platform ministry.Many Jesuits ventured out into the villages and made a mark with their social activism. Just one such example is Father Michael Anthony Windey (1921-2009), founder of the Village Reconstruction Organization (VRO), who joi ned the Jesuits in 1938, traveled to India in 1946 and was ordained a priest in 1950. When he passed away in Belgium in 2009 while under treatment for cancer, he was mourned by the Church, social workers and villagers in India, because he had dedicated his life to using Gandhian methods to revolutionize village life in India. Said Father A. X. J. Bosco, a former head of the Jesuits? Andhra Pradesh province who has worked as VRO? operational director: â€Å"Father Windey was never bothered about the religion of the person he helped. While selecting villages, he always chose to help the poorest village. † Social Activism The involvement of the Jesuits extended to social activism, sometimes of a kind even questioned by the Vatican. Rone Tempest, staff writer, reported in the L. A. Times, Jan 21, 1986, on the Pope’s visit to India: â€Å"Significantly, the Pope will not visit the northern Bihar Muzafapur area, where radical Catholic priests have recently organized Hindu s erfs against powerful landlords, some of whom even maintain their own armies for private wars against their foes and bands of roving bandits, or dacoits.Similarly, when he visits the Catholic stronghold state of Kerala in southern India, he has no plans to visit areas in which radical priests and nuns, India's version of South America's â€Å"liberation theologists,† have organized sailboat fishermen, mostly Hindus and Muslims, against the motorized fishing trawler industry. † Leadership Training Service (LTS) LTS – short for Leadership Training Service – is a unique contribution by the Jesuits to Indian society. Initiated by five students of the Goethals Memorial School in Kurseong, West Bengal in 1959, Fr. Robert Wirth of St. Xavier’s School, Sahibganj, Bihar, was selected to lead the movement in 1970. Fr. Wirth did just that for the next 21 years from the LTS headquarter in Calcutta, and spread the movement to Jesuit educational institutes in 24 States. The LTS motto is: â€Å"For God and Country†, and resonated strongly with a developing India.The LTS vision involves the four-fold objectives of: (a) Personality Development; (b) Leadership Skills; (c) Social Awareness; and, Social Responsibility that leads to social development. The movement articulates this as â€Å"a journey from ‘I Consciousness’ (initiated through Personality development and mastering leadership skills) to ‘We Consciousness’ (achieved through inculcating social awareness and exercising social responsibility that leads to social development)† (as stated on its website: www. LTSworld. com). The LTS celebrated its Golden Jubilee in 2009, and brought Fr. Robert Wirth – who collaborated in the writing of this paper – all the way from Malta to the LTS headquarters in Calcutta.Today there are reportedly over 15,000 LTSers working towards India’s progress. Leadership Lessons from the Jesuits Consisten t and long-term success is never a result of accident or luck. The Jesuits have demonstrated strong leadership qualities throughout their 500 year history in India. Servant Leadership The Jesuits, through their disciplined and exemplary behavior, became role models for the Indian populace who observed them, interacted with them, and learned from them. Influencing through exemplary behavior is a fundamental tenet of servant leadership. The Jesuits also extensively and deeply served the people whose lives they touched, through social work, educational institutions, hospitals and other missions.This service was, and continues to be, in the best tradition of servitude demonstrated by Christ. Transformation Leadership Mark Pousson, Program Director for Service Learning at The Reinert Center for Teaching Excellence at the St. Louis University writes in The Notebook, a publication of the Reinert Center: â€Å"Historically, the Jesuits espouse the power of transformation through conversati on,† (Vol 11, Issue 4), and goes on to say that Ignatius Loyola, the founder of the Jesuit order, readily engaged people in conversation about God and spirituality. It is from his value of transformation through experiences that Saint Ignatius companions infused transformation in what is known as the Jesuit tradition of education.Jesuits heavily utilized this power of transformation through pedagogy and education in India, and – as earlier stated in this article – has left an indelible mark on the Indian education landscape. The Jesuits also practiced transformational leadership by inspiring Indians to strive for something better than they were used to, to push the limit, and to aim for excellence. Evidence of this is plentiful, but particular note may be taken of the Jesuit’s LTS (Leadership Training Service) initiative described earlier, which was a totally new concept in India when it was started in 1959, and continues to inspire and build the current g eneration of young leaders in the 21st century. In fact, the LTS movement resonates strongly with one of the fundamentals goal of transformation leadership: the make leaders out of followers.The Annual Retreats that the Jesuits taught the Indians and popularized amongst people of faith as well as the corporate world, was another instance where people were inspired and motivated to implement and practice innovative leadership solutions for everyday problems. Transactional Leadership Transactional leadership was commonly practiced by the Jesuits. A very common example was the exchange of better medical care for conversion to Christianity. It was a subtle but effective message. When the Jesuits set up modern medical care facilities in rural India – especially in the Tribal areas where people were not even Hindus, but practiced some form of pantheism – it is widely believed that it was not so much the preaching as the access to modern medical care that converted lots of tr ibal people to Christianity. Social Learning TheoryJesuit social activism, social work and its military-like discipline – all widely admired by the Hindus of India – triggered the positive effects of the Social Learning Theory, which argues that people learn best through a 3-step emulation process defined as: (a) observation, (b) imitation, and (c) modeling. When people like behavior they would like to emulate, they are motivated to do so on their own without having to be compelled in some covert or overt manner to oblige. Social Learning Theory, therefore, has feeds into the Servant Leadership theory, because servant leaders aim to influence followers through exemplary action and self-motivated emulation. The Jesuits in India put both servant leadership and social learning theories to good use. Epilogue In closing, a short acknowledgment says it all: Without the Jesuits, India would be a different country.

Definitions Of Probation And Probation Essay - 956 Words

Classifications of Probation According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, at year end of 2012, more than 4.7 million adults were under some form of community probation in the United States (Bonczar and Maruschak, bjs.gov). With so many adults on probation, one could only ask how they all are supervised. With the criminal justice system already bursting at the seams with offenders, its main objective is to keep offenders out of this already exhausted system. Probation, also called intermediate sanctions, is designed to do just that. Prison terms may be too harsh for some offenders, while traditional probation may be too lenient for others. Intermediate sanctions bridge the gap between prison and traditional probation (Allen and Latessa 106). Also, intermediate sanctions help the criminal justice system to tailor the punishment to fit the crime (Allen and Latessa 106). More often than not, intermediate sanctions will be coupled with another type of punishment, such as restitution or fines (â€Å"What is Intermediate Punishments?†).With a variety of options available through intermediate sanctions to hold offenders accountable for their actions, each provide the common thread of crime deterrence. Intermediate sanctions can be best describe by imagining a ladder. The bottom of the ladder is traditional probation and the top is prison, the rungs in between are intermediate sanctions (â€Å"What is Intermediate Punishments?†). Each have their own range of severity when compared toShow MoreRelatedDefinition Of Adult Probation And Parole953 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"implement the Census of Adult Probation Supervising Agencies (CAPSA), 2014. This will be the first census of its kind in more than 20 years. It will provide current information on the organization and nature of adult probation in the United States† (Community Corrections (Probation and Parole), 2015). Such census would provide valuable information regarding the current state of the community corrections program: probation. As stated before in this research, both probation and parole have imperfectionsRead MoreSection V And V Of The Corrections Textbook By Stohr Et Al1035 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Analysis Paper #2 February 17, 2015 Introduction: For this research and analysis paper we were assigned Section V and VI in the Corrections textbook by Stohr et al. Section V (five) covers probation and community corrections with pertinent and important concepts as well as many legal definitions. Section VI (six) covers prisons and the experiences that an inmate endures while serving their sentences, sentences that were levied against them for the crime they committed. These two sectionsRead MoreCorrections : The Controversies Of Offenders901 Words   |  4 PagesCommunity Corrections: The Controversies of Offenders Sentenced to Probation or Parole When the English common law emerged, it declared that the King had the ultimate authority over children, and; thus, children were assets. Throughout centuries, children were considered â€Å"little adults,† and â€Å"property,† consequently, exploitation of children as laborers was a customary occurrence. Families who were in severe poverty saw child labor as a necessity (Davin, 2008). During colonial times, children wereRead MoreJuvenile Probation And Parole As The General Topic And It Will Go Into Future1194 Words   |  5 Pageswill focus on Recidivism in correctional probation and parole as the general topic and it will go into future detail for this research paper. Correctional probation and parole institutions struggle with offender recidivism. Which is why this topic will help these institutions in the criminal justice field to become aware of what methods can help reduce offender relapse. The intention of this topic is to elaborate with further information for the Probation and parole agency that will be used duringRead MoreEvaluation Of A Probation Supervision1737 Words   |  7 Pages1. IPS - The term IPS, also known as intensive probation supervision, is defined by the Criminal Justice Today textbook as a form of probation supervision involving frequent face-to-face contact between the probationer and the probation officer (Schmalleger 399). This type of probation has been described as the strictest form of probation for adults in the United States, and is designed to achieve control in a community setting over offenders who would otherwise go to prison. Some states haveRead MoreIntroduction. Toronto, Including The Greater Toronto Area,1316 Words   |  6 Pagestime and that change can cause an alteration of societal values, striving to change the criminal justice system. Youth probation officers have a role in the criminal justice system to supervise young offenders to ensure a compliance with court orders and are on good behaviour for an arranged period of time (Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Service, 2016). Youth probation officers work in their assigned community to regulate and maintain the order of juvenile offenders with the goal of preventingRead MoreEssay about Criminal Justice Internship1129 Words   |  5 PagesDallas County Adult Probation Denise Catherine Tobias 133 North Industrial Blvd Dr. Barrum Dallas, TX 75207 REPORT #7 Evaluation and Consolidation of Goals Your final report should be a complete report of your internship experiences under the title How I Evaluate Myself as a Future Criminal Justice Worker, and may not exceed five typed pages. Describe the extent to which the theoretical knowledge included yourRead More criminal justice internship Essay1122 Words   |  5 Pages Dallas County Adult Probation nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Denise Catherine Tobias 133 North Industrial Blvdnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Dr. Barrum Dallas, TX 75207 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;REPORT #7nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Evaluation and ConsolidationRead MoreFailure And Success Of An Individual Basis1316 Words   |  6 Pagessomeone else. When you define the two as it pertains to probation, it is based on the conditions and modification of the terms of the offender’s probation. Therefore, success would be defined as the completion of probation, and failure would be defined as the inability to successfully commit to the terms of probation, thus being faced with revocation. To further this claim, a study by Gillin and Hill determined success by the completion of probation without variant experiences. They determined failureRead MorePros And Cons Of Probation And Probation1096 Words   |  5 Pagesform the current system we have now. This includes the probation and parole systems. The goal of probation and parole is to bring back someone who has become a menace to society to a person who can live a life crime fre e and be a productive member of society. These two branches however are not the same but they act together hand in hand. Probation refers to adult offenders whom courts place on supervision in the community through a probation agency, generally after incarceration. However, in some

Ernest Hemingway Essay - 1365 Words

ERNEST HEMINGWAY nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Ernest Hemmingway is a masculine writer of immense emotion. He writes off of his life experiences and his feelings towards different subjects. Ernest Hemingway’s themes are virile on the surface, but when analyzed, one will find them to be romantic and sentimental. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;As one will find through the reading of Hemingway’s works he is a very masculine writer. Says one critic: â€Å"Hemingway fans have long made reference to the â€Å"Hemingway Hero’s†, or the â€Å"macho men† which seem to dominate most of the author’s semi-autobiographical works†(essortment1). Brian Dennis writes: â€Å"Hemingway’s themes show part of his life. He was a man who delights in fishing, in hunting, in†¦show more content†¦It is truly a gripping story, told in a lean hard athletic narrative. Mr. Hemingway shows uncanny skill at implementing his own masculine beliefs and values into a theme of immense emotion†(essortment2). Seeing through the masculinity in the story Justin Day writes: â€Å"Mr. Hemingway has such a hold on his values that he makes an absorbing, beautifully and tenderly absurd, heartbreaking narrative of it, when on the surface, it seems as if it is going to be one of his infamous â€Å"Man Stories†(day3). Speaking of â€Å"A Farewell to Arms† which is a highly reviewed Hemingway story, Arthur Waldhorn writes that: â€Å"The chief result is of enamel luster imparted to the story as a whole, not precisely and iridescence, but a white light, rather, that pales and flashes, but never warms. Which is Hemingway’s way of thinking, it is apparent that he has soft spots in his work and in his thoughts, but he refuses to let them show†(Waldhorn2). Reviewing the same story Jeff Marx states that â€Å"a Victorian telling the story of Henry and Catherine would have waxed sentimental; he would have sought the tears of his reader. And he would surely himself shed tears as he wrote†(jackson73). Many believe that Hemingway wrote about fictional characters that had the life that Ernest Hemingway himself tried to lead. Brian Dennis speaking of the story â€Å"To Have and Have Not† states: â€Å"Henry was a big bruiser of a man, hard asShow MoreRelatedEssay Ernest Hemingway2650 Words   |  11 Pages Ernest Hemingway’s tough, terse prose and short, declarative sentences did more to change the style of written English that any other writing in the twentieth century. Ernest Hemingway had many great accomplishments in his historical life but one event sticks out from the rest. The Old Man and the Sea is one of Hemingway’s most enduring works. Told in Language of great simplicity and power, it is the story of an old Cuban fisherman, agonizing battle with a giant marlin far out in the Gulf StreamRead More Ernest Hemingway Essay974 Words   |  4 Pages Ernest Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899 in a small community of Oak Park, Illinois. He was the second child out of six, with four sisters and one brother. The area Ernest grew up in was a very conservative area of Illinois and was raised with values of strong religion, hard work, physical fitness and self-determination. His household was a very strict one that didn’t allow any enjoyment on Sundays and disobedience was strictly punished. Ernest’s father taught him good morals and values that heRead MoreThe Battler by Ernest Hemingway680 Words   |  3 Pages Throughout life, the people that you may encounter and form relationships with will be the ones that shape who you are and ultimately influence your decisions, actions and personality. In â€Å"The Battler† by Ernest Hemingway, Nick Adams, a young man of roughly twenty years of age encounters an older gentleman named Ad Francis, a once-famous boxer who claims to have gone â€Å"crazy† after his life as a fighter. 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Some of these short stories had just as powerful an impact as his novels. As a young man, Hemingway left from his hometown to Europe, where he worked for the Red Cross during World War I. His time spent there inspired him to write some

Applying Adult Learning Theory Through Character Analysis...

Abstract This assignment explores the learning theories of Mezirow and Bandura through the character analysis of Malcolm X, portrayed by actor Denzel Washington from the film â€Å"Malcolm X†. The focus is to examine the theoretical perspective of adult learning theories transformative learning and that of social learning and how they impact character learning and development. Applying Adult Learning Theory through A character Analysis The film â€Å"Malcolm X,† produced by Worth, written and directed by Lee (1992) portrays the life of civil right’s leader Malcolm X as he makes his transformational journey from street hustling, jail, and imprisonment to later emerging as a leader for social change. While in prison, X becomes heavily†¦show more content†¦For example, experiences that would later serve as the foundation for transformative learning begins to occur for Little, X’s name at birth (Malcolm, 1992) when he begins his journey as a child. After having lost his father to a tragic death, forcefully separated from his mother and siblings, and having witnessed various injustices enacted against African-Americans, he fostered a deep hatred for European Americans (1992). Having been reared by foster parents who offered limited guidance, X enters into a life of perpetual crime becoming a master mind of the streets. (Malcolm, 1992). Using his knowledge to further his life of crime, he ul timately becomes a bi-product of his environment (Worth Lee, 1992). Consequently, his life style landed him in prison. These series of events put X in a position for transformative learning to occur; however, before he entered into the transformative learning developmental stage, he underwent another phase in his learning experience referred to by Bandura (1986) as social learning. While in prison, X encounters former leader of the Islam nation, Elijah Mohammed. Before embracing the movement, X steadied Mohammed and his followers and soon became attracted to their mannerisms, persona, and the hate message they proclaimed about the European American race. He readily transformed to Islam and became a devoted practitioner. Through his newlyShow MoreRelatedPros And Cons Of Cyberbullying1180 Words   |  5 Pagesmean messages such as these through text, or email, spreading rumors or posting embarrassing pictures, videos, or fake profiles are all examples of cyberbullying. Cyberbullying is bullying that takes place using electronic technology such as cell phones, computers, and tablets as well as communication tools including social media sites, text messages, chat, and websites (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2017). With virtually everyone connected somehow through the internet or some sortRead MoreGrimms Fairytales1608 Words   |  7 Pagesinclud e Snow White, Sleeping Beauty, Cinderella, Ariel, Rapunzel and many others. The story usually includes a curse, a fairy or magic, a prince saving the princess and a moral. Fairy tales have a huge impact on pop culture and how children and young adults perceive reality and love. For English class, we are presenting a research paper based on fairy tales, folktales, or fables. Over the course of six months in English class we have been studying stories, and have looked at the Canterbury Tales, etcRead MoreThe Psychoanalytical Criticism Of Psychoanalysis And Education Essay2096 Words   |  9 PagesMany people today skim through pages of the books but might not actually understand the motivations behind the characters actions. Reading a book through the perspective of a psychoanalytic can resolve this problem. Although, the reader has to study the term â€Å"psychoanalytical criticism† before actually be able to use it in any story. The Psychoanalytical criticism is used today in literature to help the audience understand human motivation through either the characters or the author itself. AfterRead MorePhysical Activity And Motivating Games : Be Active And Get Your Own Reward1601 Words   |  7 Pagesgaming. It encourages players to perform certain ph ysical activity in order to increase their chances of success in a game by gaining in game rewards. Comparing with other commercial active game consoles and Nintendo Wii which facilitates exercising through gaming, author’s design approach aims to motivate the performance of physical activity. 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Consequently, it may be useful to develop a personal theory of social psychology in order to improve one’s understanding of the field of social psychology. Research has demonstrated that, â€Å"...expectations of stigma can impair social and academic functioning of stigmatized persons by affecting their performance...†(Baum, Revenson Singer, 2012, p.601). This observation lends to the idea that social psychology inherently recognizes that individualsRead MoreTeaching Critical Thinking Skills Through Different Strategies1945 Words   |  8 Pages Critical thinking can be taught through various strategies within the lesson or it can be taught explicitly as a standalone lesson. Teaching critical thinking to students as a standalone lesson is as popular as reading Shakespeare plays; it just doesn’t work, you don’t get the same outcome. Hence, I will focus on teaching critical thinking skills through different strategies. 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Change Implementation of Human Resource Management

Questions: 1. Overall, what did Julia Woodland do right? What could she have done differently?2. Were the correct people involved in the process? Whom would you have included and why?3. What errors did Woodland make with her own staff? What impact might these errors have had on the success of the implementation? What should have been done?4. Discuss the cultural issues involved in this case. Are there things Julia Woodland should have taken into consideration prior to starting the implementation? Why are they important?5. If you were in Julia Woodlands position, what would you include in your communication plan for the implementation?6. How can training be used in this case to make the implementation more successful?7. How can the Grant Corporation increase user acceptance of the system?8. Discuss the potential benefits of process reengineering in this implementation. What impact might it have had?9. After the implementation, what steps should the HR department take to ensure proper maintenance and support of the system?10. What can Julia Woodland do now to get everyone on board and increase the likelihood that this implementation will be successful? Answers: 1. Overall, what did Julia Woodland do right? What could she have done differently? The case study indicated many roadblocks and challenges that were being encountered by Grand Corporation over the years. Julia Woodland was able to identify the need for improvement in the HR department and its functions. Lack of advanced technology and its adoption in the HR department has affected the hiring process, the payroll systems, performance evaluation and compensation systems, benefits enrolments as well as the personal data storing. This compelled Woodland to look into the adoption of the latest software systems HRIS (human resource Information system) to streamline all the processes in the company. Despite taking a positive step towards enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of the HR department, Woodland failed to communicate effectively with all the members and failed to get cooperation. Woodland was able to sense the resistance from the employees even before the implementation of the HRIS. Duffy (2016) has pointed out that the communication is the key for the effe ctive implementation of any change. 2. Were the correct people involved in the process? Whom would you have included and why? Though Woodland did involve some of the most important department as in the finance and the Information technology apart from involving the existing human resource department, she failed to involve the employees of the company, who are an integral part of every change that is implemented in the organization. In an organization, the reactions and attitude of the employees towards any change holds great importance. In addition, if the organization faces resistance from the employees pertaining to any change, the change will never succeed (ystein Saksvic, 2009). 3. What errors did Woodland make with her own staff? What impact might these errors have had on the success of the implementation? What should have been done? Woodland failed to communicate and involve the employees in the entire process. Failure to do so has already shown the signs of resistance from the employees in the form of lack of cooperation. This could lead to lack of cooperation from the employees which will affect the overall success rate of the implementation of the new HRIS system. The first step in the implementation of any form of change in the organization involves communicating with all the people involved who are bound to get affected by the change and accepting the need for change. It is important for the employees to understand the reasons for suggested change and how this change will influence them in the future (Tomlin Richardson, 2004). 4. Discuss the cultural issues involved in this case. Are there things Julia Woodland should have taken into consideration prior to starting the implementation? Why are they important? The culture of the organization is lack of involvement of the people in the business operations and functions. It was important for Julia to study all the functions and departments in the organization and determine the factors that have been affecting the efficiency of the organization and the HR department. Organization is the glue that binds an organization through a shared meaning and promotes survival and adaptation (Inceoglu, 2002). Plessis (2006) says organizational culture determine how the people act and execute and operation day to day in the organization. 5. If you were in Julia Woodlands position, what would you include in your communication plan for the implementation? The communication plan should include sending out emails to all the members in the organization. This would provide them the hint to towards a potential change implementation in the company. Conducting meeting with the different departments in the organization to further explain the needs and reasons for the change should be the first priority in the change. 6. How can training be used in this case to make the implementation more successful? Training during the implementation of the HRIS systems should not be limited to the departments like HR, IT and finance, it should also involve the employees as they will get the idea how the system will be affecting them. Deighton (2010) has pointed out that training is a crucial enables for the successful implementation of any new change in the organization. Training will allow the department to learn how to use the systems and how their efficiency will be affected by the use of the new system. 7. How can the Grant Corporation increase user acceptance of the system? Communication and training is the key to the acceptance of the new system. Communication will allow the staff to understand the need and the urgency to adopt the system and the training will equip them with the required skills to use the system to enhance their performance. 8. Discuss the potential benefits of process reengineering in this implementation. What impact might it have had? Kimberling (2012) says process engineering ensures that the organization is able to maintain its competitive advantage in the market despite increasing competition. It allows organization to realize business process improvements and the potential benefits to the organization. It will allow the organization to earn more revenue and deliver higher productivity. 9. After the implementation, what steps should the HR department take to ensure proper maintenance and support of the system? Post the implementation of the HRIS system, the HR department first need to carry out a test phase for the system and determine the efficiency of the system. It is important for the HR department to determine when to perform the maintenance of the system, what types of maintenance is necessary to be carried out and who should be responsible for performing the maintenance to ensure smooth running of the HRIS. Since the company has newly adopted the HRIS, monthly maintenance is recommended. This should involved fixing system bugs, coding and configuration apart from need for upgrading (Rietsema, 2016). 10. What can Julia Woodland do now to get everyone on board and increase the likelihood that this implementation will be successful? Since Julia has already felt the increasing resistance and lack of cooperation from the staffs in the organization, the first step she needs to take after sending the notification would be able to hold meeting with individuals department and communicate the need for adopting the new systems. Educating the staff about the positive impact the system will have on their performance, productivity and organizational success will help in getting the support of the staff. References Deighton, M. (2010).Facility integrity management. Duffy, J. (2016).Professional Practice Models in Nursing. New York: Springer Publishing Company. Inceoglu, I. (2002).Organizational culture, team climate, workplace bullying and team effectiveness. Munchen: Utz, Wiss. Kimberling, E. (2012).Five Reasons Why Business Process Reengineering Should Happen Before Your ERP Implementation | Panorama Consulting Solutions.Panorama Consulting Solutions. Retrieved 19 September 2016, from https://panorama-consulting.com/five-reasons-why-business-process-reengineering-should-happen-before-your-erp-implementation/ ystein Saksvic, P. (2009).Prerequisites for healthy organizational change. [Saif Zone, Sharjah, U.A.E.]: Bentham eBooks. Plessis, D. (2006).The impact of organisational culture on knowledge management. Oxford [England]: Chandos Publishing. Rietsema, D. (2016).Are You Prepared to Maintain Your HRIS? - HRIS Payroll Software.HRIS Payroll Software. Retrieved 19 September 2016, from https://www.hrispayrollsoftware.com/maintaining-your-hris/ Tomlin, K. Richardson, H. (2004).Motivational interviewing and stages of change. Center City, Minn.: Hazelden.

Structure Of Travel And Tourism Industry Tourism Essay Example Essay Example

Structure Of Travel And Tourism Industry Tourism Essay Example Paper Structure Of Travel And Tourism Industry Tourism Essay Introduction The construction of the Travel and Tourism industry consists of six constituents ATTRACTIONS are either natural in themselves or are man-made.It is easy to believe of natural attractive forces eg Lake District or Blackpool Beach that has some 6million visitants each year.Man-made attractive forces are constructed for tourists.Alton Towers is a genuinely celebrated subject park full of activities for the family.Other really celebrated attractive forces are the London Eye, Tower of London.TRANSPORT signifiers at least 25 % of a tourer ‘s spending for a trip and with many ways of acquiring around it forms a critical function in the touristry industry.In order to acquire to their finish it normally involves at least two signifiers of transport.The British public expect a high criterion of service affecting all signifiers of travel information. The rail web has been extensively modernised with many private companies viing with each other, such asVirgin, GNER and Eurostar.Over 5milli on riders travel each twelvemonth with Eurostar through the channel tunnel.Train journeying has declined slightly but some services are paying their way.Coach travel has ever been an indispensable and popular signifier of conveyance enabling the populace to go at highly low cost, including abroad.National Express and Eurolines carry more than 12million riders a twelvemonth to over 1200 finishs. Air travel may dwell of scheduled flights winging to strict timetables, particularly good for concern people. There are charter flights with planes hired for certain journeys at no set time.Some big circuit operators own their ain charter airlines.More than 75 % of all bundle vacations use air travel. The sea ferries have become really popular for sing Ireland and France.There is besides the Hovercraft.Cruising around the Mediterranean has maintained its worth with P A ; O.ACCOMODATION is of course highly of import to the travel and touristry industry.The overall criterions of hotels and B A ; Bs has greatly improved.Travel hostel, campgrounds, trains and self-catering Villas all contribute to the industry.Over recent old ages self-catering where you provide your ain nutrient and repasts has grown in popularity.Half-board offers you breakfast and tea with full-board providing everything. Structure Of Travel And Tourism Industry Tourism Essay Body Paragraphs Tour OPERATORS produce vacations in the signifier of a package.A contract is negotiated with adjustment and conveyance providers.Buying in majority reduces overhead costs and the vacation is presented as a booklet to the travel agents, and so sold ; either straight or via the agent.There are four major circuit operators, they are My Travel and First Choice, Thomson and Thomas Cook.Collectively these are known as TUI.It is an illustration of perpendicular integration.It operates at more than one degree of the vacation chain.Examples of mass market providers are Thomas Cook, Thomson, First Choice. Provision is made for bureau and circuit operating services with call Centres and operational airlines.The circuit trade names are good known.The balance of the market consists of little, average sized operations normally making concern for a little specialized patronages such as the singles market or gourmet cooking holidaies. The Travel and Tourism industry has changed dramatically as a con sequence of the sum of integration.Integration has both a positive and negative consequence on the industry. With perpendicular integrating an administration buys another at a different degree on the purchasing chain.An illustration is Thomson who bought Britannia Airways together with Lunn Poly the travel agent.Britannia Airways is allowed by the parent to offer lower fares.The circuit operator makes more net income ; but the travel agent merely receives a low rate of committee go forthing most of the net income to the tour operator.Integration is advantageous if it permits the administration to command pricing and communicates good with every degree of such a concatenation. Horizontal integrating, less common, occurs when an administration buys another that is on the same degree of the purchasing concatenation. ‘Go ‘ one time owned by British Airways was bought out by EasyJet. This move resulted in ‘power stigmatization ‘ where all Son of ‘Go ‘ became that of EasyJet.This occurred a negative impact with customers.Prices were able to be controlled by EasyJet ; yet the end point for EasyJet is more market infinite for self-promotion. Tour operators have a much larger market portion than travel agents.Thus upon integrating with a circuit operator the agent sells and promotes the services of the operator.The rate of committee is in the control of the circuit operator. The independent travel agents are earnestly affected by integration.The circuit operators and air hoses will sell their merchandises over the cyberspace straight. As a consequence niche markets are developing to run into the demands of the clients in the high street who prefer personal attending in such affairs. The air hoses have besides been affected by integration.British Airways tried to unify with American Airlines but IATA said no, because such a coupling would rule wholly transatlantic flights. Horizontal and perpendicular integrating has significantly red uced competition within the industry.The demand from the populace has set a pattern.Smaller companies are non traveling to be able to cope.A big administration can absorb failure impact if the agreement does non work but for a smaller company such failure would spell ruin. Travel Agents do their occupation of selling the brochures.This is the nexus between circuit operators and the public.They normally cater for specializer holidays.There are multiple travel agents with bureaus all around the UK.The most celebrated are Traveling Topographic points, Thomson and Lunn Poly.There are miniples dwelling of approximately 20 to thirty shops.Independent travel agents are little and household owned.Very popular are Call Centres where the client can book a vacation by phone. Tourism AND DEVELOPMENT situated all over the state guarantee that prospective visitants learn of their location and all it has to offer by extended advertisement and publicity work with handiness for advice and informatio n including the capableness to set about research.Blue Badge ushers have really intensive and specific preparation to supply Tourss of their several parts for visitors.A concatenation of distribution therefore comes into being by which a merchandise eg a bundle vacation is distributed from the principal/producer to the tourist/consumer.This occurs really frequently via the circuit operators and travel agents ( jobbers and retail merchants ) . There are services related to the Travel and Tourism industry provided by public, private and voluntary.Public sector services are accountable to elected bodies.Most are non-profit making.Local governments support touristry information centres.Visit Britain is an illustration of the Public Sector.Its aims are to advance Britain as a tourer finish to abroad clients and to promote domestic clients to take more frequent and longer vacations within the state ; to supply advice and support for broader authorities aims ; for other tourer boards to sp ouse them in constructing a touristry industry within the state ; and for its staff, to accomplish ends by using resources more expeditiously, through openness, handiness, professionalism, answerability and reactivity. The private sector consists of a battalion of commercial companies whose purpose is of course to bring forth net income in services and merchandises provided for their customers.Household names include Thomas Cook, Rank and Granada.These contribute significantly to the wealth of the UK. Voluntary sector administrations consist basically of voluntary staff.Their position is of a charity runing on a non-profit footing. They may hold rate and VAT alleviation on any investings, sedimentations or covenants.If registered as charities they have to fulfill certain conditions.Objectives may be charitable, with intents good on behalf of the communities they serve. Without the Tourist would be no tourer industry so what is of particular involvement to which there are many unreci procated inquiries is the phenomena of mass flows of tourers as to their beginnings and other related affairs of interest.A systems attack is favoured, and that of Leiper ‘s system lends itself to unclutter thought heuristic In Leiper ‘s basic touristry system there are three defined geographical regions/entities.They consist of the Traveller bring forthing regions.The Tourist finish parts and the Transit path parts The travel and touristry industry concerns itself with free flow circulation and the activities of the tourer within the three defined parts. The bring forthing part is where there is readying for the journey with attendant reaching at a destination.The bring forthing part pushes motive towards travel.Here they make their engagement and look into out.Destination is where the tourer really becomes a tourer ; it is where the touristry activity occurs.Here directors consequence their strategies.Geographically the pull factor is variable, dependent upon the exist ent location.Demand is created here.The theodolite part encompasses all topographic points visited along the manner to the existent destination.It should be self apparent that one portion of such a system can non work without the others. Europe, Australasia and Indonesia, Philippines with Brunei are the push parts for Singapore for example.Many tourers within the assortment of flows sing the state will utilize it as a halt over location. We will write a custom essay sample on Structure Of Travel And Tourism Industry Tourism Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Structure Of Travel And Tourism Industry Tourism Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Structure Of Travel And Tourism Industry Tourism Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer