The Republic of Panama Essay Example For Students

The Republic of Panama Essay The official name of Panama is the Republic of Panama or (Repblica de Panam). Panama is situated on the tightest and least piece of the Isthmus of Panama that joins North America and South America. This piece of the isthmus is arranged somewhere in the range of 7 and 10 north scope and 77 and 83 west longitude. Panama is marginally littler than South Carolina, roughly 77,082 square kilometers. The country’s two coastlines are alluded to as the Caribbean and Pacific, as opposed to the north and south drifts. Toward the east is Colombia and toward the west Costa Rica. Pacific. Predominant aspects of their landform is good countries shaping the mainland separate. The higher heights close to outskirts with Costa Rica and Colombia. The most noteworthy point in the nation is the Volcn Bar which ascends to just about 3,500 meters. The most minimal rise is in the nation where it is crossed by the Panama Canal. A large portion of the populace is on the Pacific side of the partition. The number of inhabitants in the nation is around 2. 8 million with a development pace of 1. 5%. The racial and ethnic gatherings are 65% mestizo, 14% African plummet, 10% Spanish drop, 10% Indian. The religion is 85% Roman Catholic, % Protestant, and 5% Islamic. Spanish is the official language, however United States impact and the waterway zone fortify the utilization of English as a subsequent language. Panamas expressions show its ethnic blend. Indian clans, West Indian gatherings, mestizos, Chinese, Middle Eastern, Swiss, Yugoslav and North American outsiders have all offer contributed fixings to the way of life. Customary expressions are woodcarving, weaving, pottery and cover making. The capital city is Panama City with significant urban communities of Colon, Bocas del Toro, Potobelo, El porvenir, Santiago, Tocumen, La Palma, David, Balboa, and el Dorado. Political culture customarily described by personalism, the inclination to give ones political loyalties to an individual as opposed to a gathering. Legislative issues from 1968 until his passing in 1981 overwhelmed by General Omar Torrijos Herrera, Their type of government is Executive under arrangements of their 1972 Constitution, as revised in 1978 and 1983. The CEO is leader of the republic, he is helped by two VPs, all chosen by well known decision in favor of five-year terms. The unit of money is the Balboa which is equivalent to the United States dollar. Balboas are accessible just in coins. Very nearly 500 streams interweave through Panamas scene. A significant number of these waterways began as quick good country streams. The Ro Chepo and the Ro Chagres are wellsprings of hydroelectric force. The Ro Chagres is one of the longest and generally imperative of the 150 waterways that stream into the Caribbean. A piece of this stream was dammed to make Gatun Lake, which shapes a significant piece of the travel course between the locks close to each finish of the channel. Panama has a tropical atmosphere with high temperatures and stickiness all year. Seasons controlled by precipitation instead of by changes in temperature. The nation is partitioned into nine areas, in addition to the Comarca de San Blas, which is treated as a component of Coln Province. The common fringes have not changed since they were resolved at freedom in 1903. The regions are partitioned into areas, which thusly are partitioned into segments called corregimientos. The nation asserts the seabed of the mainland rack, which has been characterized by Panama. Furthermore, a 1958 law affirms purview more than 12 nautical miles from the coastlines, and in 1968the government declared a case to a 200-nautical-mile Exclusive Economic Zone. The significant port on the Pacific coastline is Balboa. The important islands are Archipilago de las Perlas in the Gulf of Panama, the reformatory province, and the island of Taboga, a vacation spot that can be seen from Panama City. Taking all things together, there are somewhere in the range of 1,000 islands off the Pacific coast. The Pacific seaside waters are exceptionally shallow. Profundities of 180 meters are arrived at just outside the edges of both the Gulf of Panama and the Golfo de Chiriqu, and wide mud pads reach out as much as 70 kilometers from the coastlines. Accordingly, the flowing extent is crazy. .u9340db2666f32295bfc0349715688580 , .u9340db2666f32295bfc0349715688580 .postImageUrl , .u9340db2666f32295bfc0349715688580 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u9340db2666f32295bfc0349715688580 , .u9340db2666f32295bfc0349715688580:hover , .u9340db2666f32295bfc0349715688580:visited , .u9340db2666f32295bfc0349715688580:active { border:0!important; } .u9340db2666f32295bfc0349715688580 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u9340db2666f32295bfc0349715688580 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u9340db2666f32295bfc0349715688580:active , .u9340db2666f32295bfc0349715688580:hover { darkness: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u9340db2666f32295bfc0349715688580 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } . u9340db2666f32295bfc0349715688580 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-design: underline; } .u9340db2666f32295bfc0349715688580 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u9340db2666f32295bfc0349715688580 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-adornment: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9340db2666f32295bfc0349715688580:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u9340db2666f32295bfc0349715688580 .focus ed content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u9340db2666f32295bfc0349715688580-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u9340db2666f32295bfc0349715688580:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: School Vouchers: Education Choices EssayA distinction of around 70 centimeters among high and low water on the Caribbean coast stands out pointedly from more than 700 centimeters on the Pacific coast, and 130 kilometers up the Ro Tuira the range is still more than 500 centimeters. The mountain scope of the separation is known as the Cordillera de Talamanca close to the Costa Rican fringe. Farther east it turns into the Serrana de Tabasar, and the bit of it closer to the lower part of the isthmus, where the channel is found, is regularly called the Sierra de Veraguas. The significant creature life is essentially Birds which are an essential marker of biod iversity Panama has 936 types of flying creatures. Government funded instruction started in Panama not long after freedom from Colombia in 1903 kid should. By the 1920s, Panamanian instruction was acceptable, expressly intended to help the capable and driven individual looking for upward social portability. In the late 1930s, as much as one-fourth of the national spending plan went to instruction. Somewhere in the range of 1920 and 1934, elementary school enlistment multiplied. Grown-up lack of education, in excess of 70 percent in 1923, dropped to generally a large portion of the grown-up populace in over 10 years. By the mid 1950s, grown-up lack of education had dropped to 28. The 1950s saw basically no improvement; grown-up lack of education was 27 percent in 1960. There were ains during the 1960s, be that as it may, and the pace of grown-up lack of education dropped 8 rate focuses by 1970. As indicated by 1980 assessments, just 13 percent of Panamanians more than 10 years old were unskilled. People were similarly spoken to among the proficient. The most prominent divergence was among urban and rustic Panama; From the 1950s through the mid 1980s, instructive enlistments extended quicker than the pace of populace development and, for the majority of that period, quicker than the school-matured populace. School participation was useful for youngsters from ages six through fifteen years, or until the culmination of grade school. A six-year essential ycle was trailed by two sorts of optional school programs: a scholastic situated program and a professional kind program. Notwithstanding the scholastic program, there was a professional sort optional school program that offered proficient or specialized courses pointed explicitly at giving understudies the specialized abilities required for business following graduation. In the mid-1980s, almost one-fourth of every single optional understudy picked this sort obviously. Like the more scholarly arranged secondaryschool program, the professional sort program was partitioned into two cycles. Understudies could pick their examinations from an assortment of specializations, including griculture, workmanship, business, and modern exchanges. Admission to the college regularly required the bachillerato (graduation endorsement or baccalaureate), granted on finishing of the upper piece of the scholarly course of studies, despite the fact that the University of Panama had some scope in deciding affirmations norms. The bachillerato was commonly viewed as a fundamental segment of white collar class status. Open auxiliary schools that offered the baccalaureate degree likewise offered the lower cycle. They were commonly situated in commonplace capital urban communities. The most established, biggest, and most profoundly respected of hese was the National Institute in Panama City. The University of Panama became out of it, and the school had delivered such a large number of open figures that it was known as the Nest of Eagles. It would in general draw its understudy body from upwardly portable as opposed to since quite a while ago settled components of the first class. Its understudies were

Racial Profiling in Airports Essay Example For Students

Racial Profiling in Airports Essay What is racial profiling? Racial profiling is a structure bigotry that centers around certainracial gatherings. Since 9/11 there have been sure gatherings of individuals thathave been centered around while in air terminals. Arbitrary ventures accomplish work; racialprofiling recognizes individuals who know assaulted the U.S., and keep peoplesafe. Then again, there are individuals who might differ with thesearguments. They would state that racial profiling is incapable, randomsearches don't work, and is prejudicial. Racial profiling is the mosteffective apparatus that is utilized to forestall another assault; in any case, racial profilingshould just be utilized as a safety effort just in air terminals. Racial profiling in air terminals is successful on the grounds that arbitrary pursuits accomplish work. Arbitrary quests work since they can possibly stop foreignterrorists as well as local fear based oppressors from assaulting air terminals. With the assaults on September 11, arbitrary quests can be utilized to screen morepeople who have aims of hurting honest individuals. Understanding thenature of the danger is the initial phase during the time spent deciding thebest approach to moderate it (Pistole1of 4). Similarly arbitrary searcheshelps and ensures that travelers, planes, and air terminals will protectedfrom any psychological militant assaults or aircraft. As it were irregular inquiries aregood in light of the fact that it can stop a potential psychological oppressor assault and it will make passengersfeel safe at air terminals and keeping in mind that on planes. Racial profiling distinguishes individuals who know assaulted the U.S. It isn't hardto see who assaulted us on September 11; the entirety of the proof focuses to theArab people group. Spencer composes youthful Muslim Arab guys are capable forthe larger part of fear monger viciousness around the globe today (1 of 3). A portion of the ongoing assaults that were submitted by Arabs are the Madrid train aircraft in March 2004, London planes in 2005. These gatherings of peopleare ready to do this on a mass scale we need racial profiling more thanever. These individuals are willing to unimaginable acts to get their messageacross not make any difference how much the expense is regardless of whether it implies that it willcost them their lives and the lives of others. In the event that we are to gain from this, we have to profile any and everyone that fits the portrayal of the peoplewho flew planes into structures that executed a huge number of Americans. To what extent do we need to hold up until profiling can turn into a securitymeasure inairports, perhaps until there is another psychological militant assault? Protecting individuals is another explanation behind racial profiling. We need racial profilingto prevent these Muslim Arabs from submitting psychological oppressor assaults usingairplanes. They are liable for the entirety of the hijackings that took placeon September eleventh. All are happy to murder Americans regardless of whether it implies sacrificingthemselves. To wrap things up many lived in America for quite a while. So as to hold these individuals under control, air terminals need the most recent innovation, Body scanners, for example, propelled imaging innovation (AIT) machines (Ott1 of 5). This machine is fit for giving the screener an imageof a people body without them taking the entirety of their garments off. It shows that the individual has no weapons in or around their body that couldcause mischief to other peop le. Since 9/11 cockpit entryways have become more securedthat robbers or any other person so far as that is concerned can get inside and takethe plane over. U.S. Marshalls are currently on planes to cause individuals to feel saferand to diffuse any circumstance that happens if one somehow managed to come up. Moreover the one apparatus that can protect individuals is one another. In the event that each bodykeeps an eye open for dubious movement it will make it simpler for authoritiesto guard we all in air terminals. Not exclusively will these securitymeasures and methodology help cut down on assaults, yet additionally drasticallyimprove air terminal security. .u99f0a28600c883a1c579ff583ead3a70 , .u99f0a28600c883a1c579ff583ead3a70 .postImageUrl , .u99f0a28600c883a1c579ff583ead3a70 .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u99f0a28600c883a1c579ff583ead3a70 , .u99f0a28600c883a1c579ff583ead3a70:hover , .u99f0a28600c883a1c579ff583ead3a70:visited , .u99f0a28600c883a1c579ff583ead3a70:active { border:0!important; } .u99f0a28600c883a1c579ff583ead3a70 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u99f0a28600c883a1c579ff583ead3a70 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u99f0a28600c883a1c579ff583ead3a70:active , .u99f0a28600c883a1c579ff583ead3a70:hover { haziness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u99f0a28600c883a1c579ff583ead3a70 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relativ e; } .u99f0a28600c883a1c579ff583ead3a70 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content adornment: underline; } .u99f0a28600c883a1c579ff583ead3a70 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u99f0a28600c883a1c579ff583ead3a70 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content improvement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u99f0a28600c883a1c579ff583ead3a70:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u99f0 a28600c883a1c579ff583ead3a70 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u99f0a28600c883a1c579ff583ead3a70-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u99f0a28600c883a1c579ff583ead3a70:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Autism Essay Racial profiling is ineffectual on the grounds that it just spotlights on certain gathering of peopleinstead ofevery body. To feel that all psychological militant look a certain wayare bound to be fear based oppressor. A fear based oppressor could beany bodyin the worldthat has a plot to blow something up.Kleinerwrites, It is the positionof this note racial profiling isn't right since it is both ineffectivein guaranteeing security and unavoidably unlawful (112). In the event that lawenforcement invested the entirety of their energy in a gathering of individuals who may look liketerrorist then they have less time to get the real individuals who are tryingto cause hurt. The psychological militant that seized those planes on September eleventh were of Middle Eastern plummet, yet all fear monger and aircraft don't fitthis portrayal of youthful Arab men. Since most Arabs are being targetedit gives other people who want to get a point across and blow somethingup. Homegrown psychological militant are currently turning into the new gathering that needs tocause hurt. Some of these psychological militants could be youthful, old, white or blackand individuals could never know the distinction. The time spent just profilingArabs could be utilized in a progressively gainful manner in getting the terroristwho do have something arranged later on. For the individuals who saythat racial profiling their feeling psychological oppressor don't need to look like aterrorist to be one. Individuals who don't bolster racial profiling in air terminals state irregular quests donot work. Irregular ventures don't work since they are not intended to catchanyone. On the off chance that we arbitrarily check each body that was experiencing securitycheck focuses it would take hours and numerous individuals would fail to catch their planes. This would be something worth being thankful for in light of the fact that individuals would have a sense of safety thatthere is no danger on the plane that can conceivably hurt them. The majorityof these individuals would not fit the profile of a fear based oppressor. Truth be told itdiminishes security since it burns through so much time and exertion on individuals whoare clearly no danger. A great many people would feel that by doing arbitrary searchesit would be an infringement of their privileges. The utilization of racial profiling, the psychological militant have found us into giving our own privileges. By givinginto the fear based o ppressors they have prevailing into changing are ways. Racial profiling in air terminals can likewise be unfair. The gathering that was involvedwith September eleventh was of Arab foundation. These are the gatherings ofpeople who should be halted at all check pointsthrough outthe air terminal. Not to state that all fear based oppressor assaults have been finished by these groupof individuals, however many may state this is some sort generalization or an actof racial separation. Anyway these individuals are not American residents. They are outsiders who don't have the citizenship of this country;therefore, theycan notbe victimized. Be that as it may, a great many people whofit this profile are blameless and others are totally liable. Still peoplewould state this is racial profiling. This is the reason we don't require racialprofiling in air terminals since it isn't reasonable for the individuals who are nottrying to be a psychological oppressor. Racial profiling is a device that is being utilized to keep potential fear based oppressor attacksfrom occurring. The fundamental focal point of racial profiling is to target one specificgroup for a specific circumstance that their race might be a piece of. In general feeling some would state that racial profiling is something that is neededonly at air terminals in view of the assaults that happened on September 11 th.It assists with keeping the individuals who resemble potential psychological militant from attempting to doit once more. Then again individuals who don't bolster racial profiling maysay that it is generally an exercise in futility and assets. The vast majority that gothrough air terminals regularly don't fit the profile or put on a show of being athreat as a fear based oppressor. Be that as it may, in todays world would it be smarter to be protected orsorry?

Runaway Shelters for Troubled Teens

Runaway Shelters for Troubled Teens Theories Behavioral Psychology Print Runaway Shelters for Troubled Teens How programs can help when a teen runs away from home By Kathryn Rudlin, LCSW Updated on September 30, 2019 Datacraft Co Ltd/Getty Images More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology A troubled teen who makes the decision to run away from home needs a safe place to stay and assistance in addressing the issues that led to the decision. Runaway shelters are designed to help those teens  and can provide assistance to parents and guardians in helping a teen transition back to home. What Is a Teen Runaway Shelter? Runaway shelters and programs for teens provide temporary housing, food, and specialized counseling to troubled teens who run away from home. They provide a safe place for teens to face and confront their problems. Shelters help families determine the next steps necessary for dealing with these issues. Services Provided by Runaway Shelters The overall goal of shelters for runaways is to assist in reuniting families, identify issues, and help resolve them.?  Temporary shelters can provide a place for your teen to live while dealing with the reasons for running and the consequences  of their decision to do so. Runaway shelters provide some or all of the following services: Temporary shelter and a safe place to stayIndividual therapy to help teens articulate their reasons for runningRegular mealsGroup therapy with other teens in similar situationsCounseling by phone for teens who call inResources for work, academic, medical, and other needsFamily therapy focused on dealing with the crisis caused by the teen leaving How Runaway Shelters Can Help When a teen agrees to go to a runaway shelter, they make a healthy decision to seek support and start taking responsibility to resolve the problems they are experiencing. Runaway shelters are established and run by staff trained to understand, work with, and advocate for teens who run from problems or difficult family situations. Shelters can assist in this family crisis by helping to: Identify the problems causing the teen to runBe an intermediary to help understand why your teen ran awayWork out an initial contract outlining the conditions a teen needs to follow once returning homeDiscuss alternative living situations for the teen while problems get worked outProvide referrals to family therapists in your areaOffer direction to a variety of resources to assist your teen with the problems they are havingDetermine the next steps to deal with the problems your teen is running away fromA free bus ticket home is available in many cases How to Locate a Shelter in Your Area Youth can access the Safe Place system to connect with those who can help in their situation and find the location of youth shelters. Their TXT 4 HELP program allows you to text the word SAFE  and your current location (address/city/state)  to 69866 to be connected to a Safe Place. To help locate a runaway shelter, call the National Runaway Safeline at 1-800-RUNAWAY anytime. They will respond via phone, text, or email. You can also search online for a listing of shelters in your area.

Hetaira, the Greek Courtesans

Hetaira—or  hetaera—is the ancient Greek word for a type of highly skilled prostitute or courtesan. The daughters and wives of Athenian citizens were sheltered from men and most serious education at least partly in order to assure their suitability as citizen wives. Adult female companionship at drinking parties (the famous symposium) could be supplied by a high priced prostitute—or hetaira. Such women might be accomplished musicians, rich, well-educated, and agreeable companions. Aspasia of Miletus Pericles—one of the most important leaders of his time—had a mistress named Aspasia of Miletus. Due to her status as a  foreigner, she may have been doomed to become a hetaira. At the time, those who were not native citizens of Athens were unable to marry Athenian citizens. Her life was likely the richer for it, however. Erotic Entertainers Other hetairai (hetairai is a plural form of hetaira) provided funds for civic improvements. According to an article from the Perseus Digital Library titled,  The Representation Of Prostitutes Versus Respectable Women On Ancient Greek Vases: These women were essentially sexual entertainers and often had artistic skills. Hetairai had physical beauty but also had intellectual training and possessed artistic talents; attributes that made them more entertaining companions to Athenian men at parties than their legitimate wives.—Perseus Digital Library Daughters of Demeter  on  Hetaira According to Daughters of Demeter, women in Athens, though not trained in athletics, seem nevertheless to have had opportunities for sport and exercise. They go on to say  that the wealthy learned to read and gathered in private homes to share music and poetry.

Transcendentalism in America The Philosophical and...

The 1830s was a time of serious religious conflict. Many people, especially authors, had different opinions on how to find true spirituality. In the end, authors in America created Transcendentalism. Transcendentalism is a philosophical and literary movement that searches for individual truth through spiritual reflection, complete solitude, and a deep connection with nature. Because this was established by authors, many of them wrote different pieces reflecting and using the beliefs of Transcendentalism. Ralph Waldo Emerson was considered to be the father of Transcendentalism. He wrote many influential pieces that follow and emphasize major Transcendental beliefs. The major beliefs include the over-soul, nature, and senses. In addition to†¦show more content†¦This whole would be the over-soul: humanity, nature, and God. The transparent eye does not focus on one item at a time like man sometimes does. Lastly, â€Å"I am nothing; I see all†¦ I am part or particle of Godà ¢â‚¬  (3). This finalizes the ultimate connection of humanity, nature, and God. The Transcendental belief that nature was created by God supports Emerson’s idea that man—also believed to be created by God—must feel equal to nature. Emerson also uses the over-soul to compare the past and the future relationships. At one point Emerson says, â€Å"The foregoing generations beheld God and Nature face to face; we, through their eyes. Why should not we also enjoy an original relation to the universe?† (1). Here, Emerson is reminding humanity that people in the past had a relationship with both God and Nature. He then asks a general question hinting that he believes that man should go back to this concept. This is another way to say that humanity, nature, and God are all connected and on the same level, resulting in the over-soul. â€Å"Nature† by Ralph Waldo Emerson uses the over-soul to show the fundamentals of the divine soul within Transcendentalism. In â€Å"Nature†, Ralph Emerson seamlessly uses elements of the nature belief to explain his opinion on the relationship between man and nature. Transcendentalism beliefs specifically address some sort of connection in nature. At one point of â€Å"Nature†, Emerson says â€Å"The greatest delight which the fields and woods minister, is theShow MoreRelatedSocial Anxiety : America s National Identity991 Words   |  4 Pages After the previous generation revolted and established a nation, their sons and daughters became responsible for constructing a national identity. As seen in the nineteenth century, America, an emerging nation that arose collectively for a revolution would be fragmented by altered philosophies within its incipient national identity. 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L iterature became one of the most historically significant effects that occurred throughout the time period of the American Renaissance. The American Renaissance is also characterized by renewed national self-confidence new ideas and technologies. Politically and economically, this era coincides with the Gilded Age and the New Imperialism. By the endRead MoreThe Literary Movement of Transcendentalism Essay examples872 Words   |  4 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Transcendentalism was a literary movement in the first half of the 19th century. The philosophical theory contained such aspects as self-examination, the celebration of individualism, and the belief that the fundamental truths existed outside of human experience. Fulfillment of this search for knowledge came when one gained an acute awareness of beauty and truth, and communicated with nature to find union with the Over-Soul. When this occurred, one was cleansed ofRead MoreThe Effect Of Transcendentalism : Henry David Thoreau1654 Words   |  7 PagesEffect of Transcendentalism: Henry David Thoreau Transcendentalism is the American literary, political, and philosophical movement of the early nineteenth century that was rooted in the pure Romanticism of the English and the German (Goodman). Ralph Waldo Emerson is considered the father of Transcendentalism because his literature is the first to praise the notable spirituality of nature. The basic belief of the movement is to live authentically; being true to oneself (Day). The movement itself, inRead More`` Fate `` By Ralph Waldo Emerson1441 Words   |  6 Pagesunconventional theories of a Transcendentalist. American Transcendentalism Web, Ralph Waldo Emerson 1803-1882, Virginia Commonwealth University, accessed June 9, 2017, http://archive.vcu.edu/english/engweb/transcendentalism/authors/emerson/. Transcendentalists connected philosophy, literacy, and nature to promote a conscience or intuition that made it possible for each person to connect to the spiritual world. Philip F. Gura, Transcendentalism and Social Reform, History Now, accessed June 9, 2017

My Diet Of The Junk Food Should Have A Big Contribution...

Based on my calculations, my percentages for each macronutrient are in with my recommended ranges except for fats. In my carbohydrates I am in close range with my recommended percentage by .02 percent. For my fats I am 10 % over which in not in my recommended range. For my protein I am in the recommended range I am 1% over. For my overall diet I am in good standing position for my carbs and protein but for my diet in fats I should work better in lowering it to my recommended percentage. The junk food could have a big contribution about having a high fat percentage. I could lower eating unhealthy foods and only eat them on special occasions and in moderation. My average daily in not similar at all to my recommendations. The only one that is in my recommended daily range is my dairy calorie level. For my fruits I ate 2 cups less for my daily intake. For my vegetables I ate a cup and a half less then I supposed too. For my daily dark- green vegetables I ate a cup and a half less than my recommended intake. In my red and orange vegetables I ate 4 and half cups less than my recommended value. For my beans and peas I ate a cup and a half less than my recommended value. For starchy vegetables I am 4 cups lower then my recommended intake. For grains I’m on the low side. For protein foods I don’t eat any seafood and I’m in recommended range for meats and poultry. And I am also in range for nuts, seeds and soy products. For oils I am low and also for sofas I am in recommended range.Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Unhealthy Eating On The Body1925 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Have you or a loved one suffers of unhealthy eating habits? If the answer is yes this research project will help give knowledge to anyone who reads. Millions of American suffers of some kind of disease due to the bad habits of this country. 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How does Dickens present education in the novel Hard Times Essay Example For Students

How does Dickens present education in the novel Hard Times? Essay In the novel, Dickens presents education in a very old fashioned way. Thomas Gradgrind is obsessed with teaching just facts and that people must not use their imagination. He has a school run by Mr MChoakumchild. Mr. Gradgrind, whose voice is dictatorial, opens the novel by stating Now, what I want is facts at his school in Coketown. He is a man of facts and calculations. He wants his pupils to come out of school correct, having vast knowledge of facts and to turn into a Hand, or a worker. His education is based clearly around facts, no imagination or wondering, just facts: Now, what I want is facts. Teach these boys and girls nothing but facts. Facts alone are wanted in life. Plant nothing else, and root out everything else. He believes that anything but facts will not be of any use to children and should be removed from their brains, like deleting a file off a computer. Now, what I want is facts His education is delivered in a narrow limited manor. It is taught by dictation: He seemed a kind of cannon loaded to the muzzle with facts, and prepared to blow them clean out of the regions of childhood at one discharge. This shows how Mr. Gradgrind bluntly talks at the children. The only interaction between him and the class is a fired question and a limited answer. Another method of his teaching is humiliation; this is demonstrated by the passage, Girl number twenty Who is that girl? Sissy Jupe, sir. replied Sissy. He then goes on to tell Sissy that she must be called Cecilia, Sissy is not a name, said Mr Gradgrind dont call your self Cecilia Its farther as calls me Sissy, sir Then he has no buisiness to do it, Under Mr Gradgrinds education, Louisa seems to have lost her way. She still craves for creativity but is starved of it therefore she craves it even more. However, she is not totally defeated, she shows signs of defiance, and she will not give up, Struggling through the dissatisfaction of her face, there was a light with nothing to rest upon, a fire with nothing to burn, a starved imagination keeping life within its self somehow which brightened its expression This shows that although Louisas imagination has been starved she still looks for fulfillment. Louisa is bored with life because of the dull facts that are constantly hammered into her head. All it made me think, after all, how short my life would be, and how little I could hope to do in it. She feels like she is locked in the arms of her life, caged in. In the chapter Never Wonder she is told, Louisa, never wonder! Louisa feels suppressed as she is told she cannot imagine, I have such unmanagable thoughts returned his sister, they will wonder. When Sissy Jupe comes to live with Louisa and Tom, Louisa was fascinated to know about Sissys fuller life and asks her question after question of every kind as her imagination is starved, Tell me more about him Why was he angry at the dog Louisa demanded Finish by telling me how youre father left you, Sissy. Now that I have asked you so much, tell me the end, Thomas and Louisa feel like they are united in isolation, they discuss their troubles with each other and stand by each other. Thomas, however, appears more beaten down and negative. When Mr. Gradgrind found both of his children watching a circus, Thomas gave in more easily. Thomas did not look at him but gave himself up to be taken home like a machine, .u6c0c831f0c1e5d6c2be86d60f710d075 , .u6c0c831f0c1e5d6c2be86d60f710d075 .postImageUrl , .u6c0c831f0c1e5d6c2be86d60f710d075 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6c0c831f0c1e5d6c2be86d60f710d075 , .u6c0c831f0c1e5d6c2be86d60f710d075:hover , .u6c0c831f0c1e5d6c2be86d60f710d075:visited , .u6c0c831f0c1e5d6c2be86d60f710d075:active { border:0!important; } .u6c0c831f0c1e5d6c2be86d60f710d075 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6c0c831f0c1e5d6c2be86d60f710d075 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6c0c831f0c1e5d6c2be86d60f710d075:active , .u6c0c831f0c1e5d6c2be86d60f710d075:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6c0c831f0c1e5d6c2be86d60f710d075 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6c0c831f0c1e5d6c2be86d60f710d075 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6c0c831f0c1e5d6c2be86d60f710d075 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6c0c831f0c1e5d6c2be86d60f710d075 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6c0c831f0c1e5d6c2be86d60f710d075:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6c0c831f0c1e5d6c2be86d60f710d075 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6c0c831f0c1e5d6c2be86d60f710d075 .u6c0c831f0c1e5d6c2be86d60f710d075-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6c0c831f0c1e5d6c2be86d60f710d075:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Civil Rights Movement in Education EssayThis showed Thomas feeling hopeless with the situation. There was no questioning of his fathers power. Thomas has become resentful and angry because his imaginative needs have not been met, I wish I could collect all the facts we hear about, put a thousand barrels of gunpowder under them, and blow them up alogether This passage shows Thomas frustration but it also shows a glimmer of hope as Thomas uses his imagination in describing building the bonfire to burn the facts.

A Slight Misunderstanding Essay Research Paper David free essay sample

A Slight Misunderstanding Essay, Research Paper David Potak Section 12, Freshman Comp 2 Due: May 2, 2000 A Slight Misunderstanding # 8230 ; The media sure has its custodies full! First off, it # 8217 ; s altering the physiology of adult work forces, transforming their encephalons into those of sixteen-year-olds with its cathode tubings, harmonizing to Steven Stark in his essay, # 8220 ; Where The Boys Are. # 8221 ; Next on the list is the undertaking of converting our young person that # 8220 ; slaying is cool and merriment, # 8221 ; a statement courtesy of John Grisham # 8217 ; s try, # 8220 ; Unnatural Killers. # 8221 ; The media is doing today # 8217 ; s youth someway disregard everything they # 8217 ; ve of all time heard about it being incorrect to kill person and confer with their telecasting for counsel alternatively! That occupation can # 8217 ; t be easy! Never holding a minute # 8217 ; s remainder, the media has besides been sighted by Marie Winn. It was in the act of altering our full households into groups of distant familiarities, which we read in, # 8220 ; Television: The Plug-in Drug. We will write a custom essay sample on A Slight Misunderstanding Essay Research Paper David or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page # 8221 ; Finally, add to this list # 8220 ; screaming. # 8221 ; Deborah Tannen states that the media is doing us shout at each other, an edifying fact one may happen in her essay, # 8220 ; The Triumph of the Yell. # 8221 ; Some new visible radiation has late been shed on the topic, though: the media is non a concrete being. To state the media is directing out a message is kindred to stating that your Television is speaking to you. This being non possible, we must now analyze those who control the media. This is a tough crowd to calculate out. We do non cognize anything about these people. They could be the cat on the corner, or your favourite barman # 8230 ; likely non, but with all the face-less ill fame this industry has been painted with, one might believe so. We are led to believe that we are being controlled and manipulated by unknown egomaniacs that are consistently destructing every aspect of good ole # 8217 ; fashioned life. Life, though, was fashioned many Moons ago and has non changed much since. ( 2 ) We have ever craved to populate our lives vicariously through art. The construct of existent life copying art was non born with the coming of slasher movies and rap music: the flower of the Wild West spurned battalions of dime novels that metropolis childs grabbed up and relived on their stoops. And the media, throughout the class of its development, has ever attempted to tap into our innermost desires, desires to step into surrealism. It has to. It # 8217 ; s the merchandise it # 8217 ; s merchandising. Some may state that they # 8217 ; re working our exposures. Of class they are. But so isn # 8217 ; t McDonalds. Practically every merchandise on the market exploits our exposures. It # 8217 ; s portion of their game, portion of the concern they # 8217 ; rhenium in. Recently, nevertheless, it has become an # 8220 ; issue. # 8221 ; If it # 8217 ; s such an issue, why are we still paying $ 7.50 at the films to have these manipulative messages? It # 8217 ; s interesting to see the degree of denial in America: we have a immense job taking duty for our ain actions. Indeed, the lone noncontroversial issue in this controversial issue is that we are, without a uncertainty, taking to purchase what they’re merchandising. How nice it would be if we could genuinely be brainwashed and didn’t have to pay for it all. But unluckily, this is non the instance. We continue to fork over 1000000s of dollars to the amusement industry, possibly because we question whether the media can truly be every bit perverting as they say. The scariest hypothesis has yet to be posed: the media’s non perverting society, but society’s perverting the media. To cognize, we # 8217 ; ve got to cognize what # 8217 ; s truly traveling on with these villainous media moguls. The first inquiry we should inquire: would they intentionally attempt to sell a merchandise based on corruptness capableness alternatively of demand? Put yourself in their places. You leave the house in the forenoon, snog your married woman and childs adieu and caput over to the office. Once you get at that place, you have a mission. This being America, that mission is forward motion: doing money and going successful. No affair how high up on the ladder you are, if you don # 8217 ; t bring forth so you don # 8217 ; Ts have a occupation. ( 3 ) At this point you have two options. If you # 8217 ; re the demonical, brainwashing type, you can transport out a extremely oblique strategy to brainwash the young person into, allow # 8217 ; s say, Mozart-heads by converting everybody that Mozart is the adult male. But you # 8217 ; re non 100 percent sure this will work. Or you can move on 500 pages of research that tells precisely what any individual in any metropolis at any given clip of twenty-four hours wants to watch, hear or read. Following to this research is presumptively a chart that will nail how many 1000000s a minute you # 8217 ; ll do off this move. Which option would go forth you feeling secure that that married woman and those childs will be eating this month? Our operators may be shrouded in malevolent secretiveness, but we do cognize one thing about them: their assault on our temporal lobes is portion of their occupation. It # 8217 ; s the one common land we have with these Men In Black: if they don # 8217 ; t bring forth, their lives as faceless egomaniacs are over and they better be hitting up Wal-Mart for an application if they want to set nutrient on the tabular array. The job is get downing with society. They merely provide ; we ask for it. For some ground, we want to entertain ourselves with experiences that are, at best, different from what we have wanted in the yesteryear ; and at worst, unhealthy for us. But faulting mass slayings, drugs and sex on electronic devices, pieces of paper and musical notes is scapegoating at its finest. The media has no impact on society # 8217 ; s jobs. The lone impact that takes topographic point is ours on the media, by inquiring them to carry through our demands. We must be more honorable with ourselves and happen the existent roots of contemporary sufferings. As for the media, its message is every bit guiltless as it has ever been: # 8220 ; Buy Me. # 8221 ; Bibliography All quotes taken from # 8220 ; The Blair Reader # 8221 ;

A Slight Misunderstanding Essay Research Paper David free essay sample

A Slight Misunderstanding Essay, Research Paper David Potak Section 12, Freshman Comp 2 Due: May 2, 2000 A Slight Misunderstanding # 8230 ; The media sure has its custodies full! First off, it # 8217 ; s altering the physiology of adult work forces, transforming their encephalons into those of sixteen-year-olds with its cathode tubings, harmonizing to Steven Stark in his essay, # 8220 ; Where The Boys Are. # 8221 ; Next on the list is the undertaking of converting our young person that # 8220 ; slaying is cool and merriment, # 8221 ; a statement courtesy of John Grisham # 8217 ; s try, # 8220 ; Unnatural Killers. # 8221 ; The media is doing today # 8217 ; s youth someway disregard everything they # 8217 ; ve of all time heard about it being incorrect to kill person and confer with their telecasting for counsel alternatively! That occupation can # 8217 ; t be easy! Never holding a minute # 8217 ; s remainder, the media has besides been sighted by Marie Winn. It was in the act of altering our full households into groups of distant familiarities, which we read in, # 8220 ; Television: The Plug-in Drug. We will write a custom essay sample on A Slight Misunderstanding Essay Research Paper David or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page # 8221 ; Finally, add to this list # 8220 ; screaming. # 8221 ; Deborah Tannen states that the media is doing us shout at each other, an edifying fact one may happen in her essay, # 8220 ; The Triumph of the Yell. # 8221 ; Some new visible radiation has late been shed on the topic, though: the media is non a concrete being. To state the media is directing out a message is kindred to stating that your Television is speaking to you. This being non possible, we must now analyze those who control the media. This is a tough crowd to calculate out. We do non cognize anything about these people. They could be the cat on the corner, or your favourite barman # 8230 ; likely non, but with all the face-less ill fame this industry has been painted with, one might believe so. We are led to believe that we are being controlled and manipulated by unknown egomaniacs that are consistently destructing every aspect of good ole # 8217 ; fashioned life. Life, though, was fashioned many Moons ago and has non changed much since. ( 2 ) We have ever craved to populate our lives vicariously through art. The construct of existent life copying art was non born with the coming of slasher movies and rap music: the flower of the Wild West spurned battalions of dime novels that metropolis childs grabbed up and relived on their stoops. And the media, throughout the class of its development, has ever attempted to tap into our innermost desires, desires to step into surrealism. It has to. It # 8217 ; s the merchandise it # 8217 ; s merchandising. Some may state that they # 8217 ; re working our exposures. Of class they are. But so isn # 8217 ; t McDonalds. Practically every merchandise on the market exploits our exposures. It # 8217 ; s portion of their game, portion of the concern they # 8217 ; rhenium in. Recently, nevertheless, it has become an # 8220 ; issue. # 8221 ; If it # 8217 ; s such an issue, why are we still paying $ 7.50 at the films to have these manipulative messages? It # 8217 ; s interesting to see the degree of denial in America: we have a immense job taking duty for our ain actions. Indeed, the lone noncontroversial issue in this controversial issue is that we are, without a uncertainty, taking to purchase what they’re merchandising. How nice it would be if we could genuinely be brainwashed and didn’t have to pay for it all. But unluckily, this is non the instance. We continue to fork over 1000000s of dollars to the amusement industry, possibly because we question whether the media can truly be every bit perverting as they say. The scariest hypothesis has yet to be posed: the media’s non perverting society, but society’s perverting the media. To cognize, we # 8217 ; ve got to cognize what # 8217 ; s truly traveling on with these villainous media moguls. The first inquiry we should inquire: would they intentionally attempt to sell a merchandise based on corruptness capableness alternatively of demand? Put yourself in their places. You leave the house in the forenoon, snog your married woman and childs adieu and caput over to the office. Once you get at that place, you have a mission. This being America, that mission is forward motion: doing money and going successful. No affair how high up on the ladder you are, if you don # 8217 ; t bring forth so you don # 8217 ; Ts have a occupation. ( 3 ) At this point you have two options. If you # 8217 ; re the demonical, brainwashing type, you can transport out a extremely oblique strategy to brainwash the young person into, allow # 8217 ; s say, Mozart-heads by converting everybody that Mozart is the adult male. But you # 8217 ; re non 100 percent sure this will work. Or you can move on 500 pages of research that tells precisely what any individual in any metropolis at any given clip of twenty-four hours wants to watch, hear or read. Following to this research is presumptively a chart that will nail how many 1000000s a minute you # 8217 ; ll do off this move. Which option would go forth you feeling secure that that married woman and those childs will be eating this month? Our operators may be shrouded in malevolent secretiveness, but we do cognize one thing about them: their assault on our temporal lobes is portion of their occupation. It # 8217 ; s the one common land we have with these Men In Black: if they don # 8217 ; t bring forth, their lives as faceless egomaniacs are over and they better be hitting up Wal-Mart for an application if they want to set nutrient on the tabular array. The job is get downing with society. They merely provide ; we ask for it. For some ground, we want to entertain ourselves with experiences that are, at best, different from what we have wanted in the yesteryear ; and at worst, unhealthy for us. But faulting mass slayings, drugs and sex on electronic devices, pieces of paper and musical notes is scapegoating at its finest. The media has no impact on society # 8217 ; s jobs. The lone impact that takes topographic point is ours on the media, by inquiring them to carry through our demands. We must be more honorable with ourselves and happen the existent roots of contemporary sufferings. As for the media, its message is every bit guiltless as it has ever been: # 8220 ; Buy Me. # 8221 ; Bibliography All quotes taken from # 8220 ; The Blair Reader # 8221 ;

Free Essays on Executive, Legislative and Judicial branches

The Constitution of the United States recognized the need for separate powers as well as checks and balances among the executive, legislative and judicial branches. Separation of powers prevents one branch from becoming excessively dominant over the other two. One of the biggest debates concerning the separation of powers is the attempt to determine which branch has the constitutional authority to undertake the involvement of war. This brings us to the argument of the constitutionality of the War Powers Resolution passed by congress in 1973 in effort to balance powers between congress and the president. Another example used to illustrate the concept of the separation of powers is the ratification of the treaty of Versailles in 1919. The separation of powers, however, has caused conflicts among the tree branches, and consequences that paved the road of the US history took place. When it comes to declare war†¦ which branch has the constitutional authority to do so? Section 3 of the War Powers Resolution act states: "The President in every possible instance shall consult with Congress before introducing United States Armed Forces into hostilities or into situation where imminent involvement in hostilities is clearly indicated by the circumstances, and after every such introduction shall consult regularly with the Congress until United Sates Armed Forces are no longer engaged in hostilities or have been removed from such situations." Section 3 of the War Powers Resolution is necessary for the perpetuation of democracy and its inherent system of checks and balances. The development of executive dominant role in war making has resulted in an attempt by congress to reassert its constitutional war-making powers. The War Powers Resolution (WPR) represents congress attempt to regain a degree of involvement in the nation decision to engage in war. Decisions t! hat presidents had made previously with little congressional participation. U... Free Essays on Executive, Legislative and Judicial branches Free Essays on Executive, Legislative and Judicial branches The Constitution of the United States recognized the need for separate powers as well as checks and balances among the executive, legislative and judicial branches. Separation of powers prevents one branch from becoming excessively dominant over the other two. One of the biggest debates concerning the separation of powers is the attempt to determine which branch has the constitutional authority to undertake the involvement of war. This brings us to the argument of the constitutionality of the War Powers Resolution passed by congress in 1973 in effort to balance powers between congress and the president. Another example used to illustrate the concept of the separation of powers is the ratification of the treaty of Versailles in 1919. The separation of powers, however, has caused conflicts among the tree branches, and consequences that paved the road of the US history took place. When it comes to declare war†¦ which branch has the constitutional authority to do so? Section 3 of the War Powers Resolution act states: "The President in every possible instance shall consult with Congress before introducing United States Armed Forces into hostilities or into situation where imminent involvement in hostilities is clearly indicated by the circumstances, and after every such introduction shall consult regularly with the Congress until United Sates Armed Forces are no longer engaged in hostilities or have been removed from such situations." Section 3 of the War Powers Resolution is necessary for the perpetuation of democracy and its inherent system of checks and balances. The development of executive dominant role in war making has resulted in an attempt by congress to reassert its constitutional war-making powers. The War Powers Resolution (WPR) represents congress attempt to regain a degree of involvement in the nation decision to engage in war. Decisions t! hat presidents had made previously with little congressional participation. U...

Operation management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 5

Operation management - Essay Example The operations of an organization should be well structured as it would benefit both the organization as well as the customers. It is an important area in management that is related to the designing and controlling of the production system. The major responsibility of operations management is to ensure that the efficiency level of the business operations is high in terms of optimum utilization of resources and meeting the needs of the customers. It involves the management of the entire process of supply chain from procurement of raw materials to the delivery of the finished products. It is related to the conversion of inputs that are raw materials, energy and labor into outputs in the form of products or services. The success of incorporation of operations management in the system requires certain aspects for its success such as creativity, technical knowledge, people skills, and rational analysis. The operations strategy involves plans regarding the use of resources of the firm in a n efficient manner so as to obtain competitive advantage for long run. The concept of operations management is effective handling of the metrics which comprise of quality, stock availability, quality, flexibility and time. The main aim of the teams of operations management is to strike balance between cost and revenue so as to achieve higher net profit margins. Nando’s originating from Portuguese community is a South African restaurant for casual dining. The theme of the restaurant is more of a Portuguese or Mozambique style. The restaurant was founded in the year 1987 and has now expanded its business to twenty four countries and operating through 1000 outlets. The restaurant chain’s total revenue in the past year was about $650 million. The specialty of Nando’s fast food outlets is in chicken dishes either herb and lemon, lime or mango, different levels of spicy meals of Peri-Peri marinades. In some other countries according

Assess the accuracy of the view that Richard of Gloucester's Essay

Assess the accuracy of the view that Richard of Gloucester's usurpation of power in 1483 is best explained by his fear of the Woodvilles - Essay Example Richard of Gloucester's usurpation of power in 1483 is best explained by his fear of the Woodvilles. According to Wendy Moorhen , Richard of Gloucester, the Lord Protector, ordered the execution of his brother’s best friend and counselor, Hastings. Within a few days, Richard of Gloucester ascended the throne, in 1483. Richard of Gloucester’s executions made him vulnerable to criticisms from many quarters. With the executions, Richard of Gloucester’s detractors were given many reasons to vilify Richard of Gloucester in many occasions. With the executions, Richard of Gloucester made loud, direct, and plain his plan to be the next king. It is but natural of persons to do their best to remove all obstacles to their objective or goal. Richard of Gloucester was serious in his attempt to take the throne, which was vacated by his brother Kind Edward IV. Richard of Gloucester was not bothered by the fact that his nephew, King Edward V was supposed to be the person who was destined to replace King Edward IV. in the same manner, the Woodvilles felt that Richard of Gloucester was not the man authorized to rise to the throne of England. The Woodvilles preferred that King Edward V rise to the rise to replace King Edward IV. The Woodwillves would go out of their way to ensure that only King Edward V would occupy the vacated King’s throne. ... e, Richard of Gloucester, who is now King Richard III, goes out of his way to prevent the moves of William Hastings to prevent King Richard III from continuing his reign as the replacement of King Edward IV. This is the reason why Richard of Gloucester did not have second thoughts when he ordered the execution of William Hastings on the ground of being a threat to the King Richard III throne. On the other hand, Queen Elizabeth had to enter into alliance with the Woodvilles to support her dream that her son, King Edward V take over the throne as early as possible. The Woodvilles did have a strong alliance with the Queen Elizabeth. In response, Richard of Gloucester, now King Richard III, gathered all his forces to eradicate the Woodvilles for being a threat to King Richard III’s throne. In terms of bothering intentions, Richard of Gloucester ordered the execution of his brother’s good friend, William Hastings. Richard of Gloucester’s brother was the deceased King Edward IV. Hastings served under King Edward’s rule under several positions. William Hastings served as politician, diplomat, solider, lord, and landowner. William Hastings served King Edward IV, a young king still reeling from the death of his father, who died in Wakefield. On 17 April 1483, Hastings attended King Edward IV’s obsequies in Westmister Abbey when his body was buried in the magnificent Chapel of St. George, in Windsor. William Hastings felt the sorrow of losing one’s friend and master, made more painful since King Edwar IV was younger than William Hastings. William Hastings was instrumental preventing the Woodvilles from taking the throne. Hastings communicated with Richard of Gloucester to secure the King and stop the dethroning activities of King Edward IV’s maternal uncle, Rivers.

Analyzing of Economic Data Using Big Data

Analyzing of Economic Data Using Big Data N.Rajanikumar, Dr.A.Suresh babu, Mr.G.Murali Abstract: Big data can help at the e commerce data. The big-picture problems, the economic indicator many investors, business fortunate and judges are rely on are just too outdated by the time they’re out. People â€Å"pitch to the number,† but the world has often moved since it was considered and they won’t know it until the next report comes out. Take, for example, the case of increasing food prices in India and China that are pouring up price rises for a major percentage of the world’s residents. But principle claims to have been seeing the movement shaping up for weeks. Premise is able to capture economic data in close to real-time in some cases or at least much closer to it in others thanks to the technology trifecta of e-commerce, cloud computing and Smartphone’s. However, while e-commerce data is supportive for gauging the prices of certain goods in certain economies, it doesn’t really touch emerging economies where the vast popular of transactions are still local and cash-based. If groceries prices are rising across Asia, for example, that likely income, along with other things, inferior health and less money to spend on non-essential end user goods. That’s where mobile devices come into play in the form of Premise’s Android host. The company has more than 700 contributors in 25 cities, mostly in Asia and Latin America, who go into stores and markets and capture data about exact items on which Premise desires data. â€Å"We use them as sort of detection agents. The contributors take a picture of the item either on the shelf or in a market stall; it syncs with Premise’s servers in the blur; and Premise’s system is then able to extract information from the photos. It can verify information such as price, brand and quality of the items, and even ecological information such as how clean the store is and how stocked the shelves are. Interestingly, but not without warning, the app that con tributors use is only for Android phones. Keywords: Apache Hadoop API Using HDFS, Mapreduce, Pig, Hive, Linux-Unix, windows,Eclips. 1. INTRODUCTION This paper mainly focuses on how to manage huge amount of data and how to analyse the data. The technology used for this is hadoop technology . In this project the data taken is Economic data from various E-commerce websites. Then the data is stored into HDFS( hadoop distributed file system) format in the form of clusters. After the storage is done, then the processing of data can be done based on the user requirements. The processing of data can be done using many modes. Hadoop basically contains many ecosystems which provide different ways of processing or analyzing the data in different environments. There are two basic methods of Hadoop are HDFS and MapReduce. HDFS is used to stock up the data and MapReduce is used to progression the data. In MapReduce we write codes in java to analyze the data in whatever way we want to. The ecosystems in Hadoop are also for processing and analyzing the data. The different ecosystems of hadoop are pig, hive, chukwa, HBase, ZooKeeper, sqoop etc. Here pig, hive and sqoop have been implemented. So the first ecosystem implemented is pig. Pig is scripting language. It can process both structured and unstructured data. In this pig scripts are written on the data to get results. Then hive is a query language, it can handle only structured data. In this queries are written on to the data to analyze it. Then finally sqoop, it is actually a support for hadoop rather than an ecosystem. It is used to transfer data from one data base to other. And after the processing of data the results are displayed. 2. What Is Big Data? Big Data refers to the data sets whose size makes it difficult for commonly used data capturing software tools to interpret, manage, and process them within a reasonable time frame. Big data sizes are a continually moving target, as of 2012 ranging from a few dozen TERABYTES to many PETABYTES of data in a single data set. With this difficulty, new platforms of big data tools are being developed to handle various aspects of big quantities of data. BIG DATA concept means a datasets which continues to grow so much it difficult to manage it using existing database management concept and tools. The difficulty can be related to retrieve the capturing of data, storage, searching and virtualization, etc. The challenges associated with Big Data are the â€Å"4 V’s†: Volume, velocity, Variety, and value. The Volume challenges exist because most businesses generate much more then what their system were designed to handle. The velocity challenge exists if company’s data analysis or data storage runs slower than its data generation. The variety challenge exists because of the need to process difference types of data to produce the desired insights. The value challenge applies to deriving valuable insights from data, which is the most important of all V’s in my view. Fig1. 4V’s of Big Data 3. What is E-Commerce? A type of trade model, or part of a larger business model, that enables a firm or individual to perform business over an electronic network, typically the internet. Electronic commerce operates in all four of the major market segments: business to business, business to consumer, consumer to consumer and consumer to business. It can be thought of as a more advanced form of mail-order purchasing through a catalogue. Almost any product or service can be offered via ecommerce, from books and music to financial services and plane tickets. Investopedia explains Electronic Commerce: e-commerce E-commerce has approved firms to set up a market existence, or to improve an active market spot, by providing a cheaper and more capable distribution chain for their products or services. 4. Why Big Data is a must in ecommerce The buzz nearby Big Data is far away from being needless. Not only does it permit merchants to gain deeper insights into customer behavior and industry trends, but it also lets them make more precise decisions to improve just about every feature of the business, from selling and publicity, to merchandising, operations, and even customer maintenance. Below are a few more points that deeper explain the impacts of Big data in the Ecommerce empire. From improving customer familiarity to developing better products or marketing campaigns, it’s no question that Big Data is the next big thing for online businesses. 5. Characteristics of Big Data A Big data proposal can give a solution which is planned specifically with the needs of the venture. The following are the basic characters of the Big data: Comprehensive – It should offer a broad platform, and address all three dimensions velocity, volume and variety. Enterprise Ready – It should include the performance, reliability, performance and security features. Integrated – It should enable integration with information supply chain including databases, data warehouses and business intelligence applications. Open Source Based It should be open source technology with enterprise class functionality. Low latency. Robust and reliability. Scalability. Extensibility. Allows adhoc queries. Minimal Maintenance. 6. BIG DATA OFFERS There are many vendors offering BIG DATA Analytics are IBM, KOGNITO, etc. Here in this paper I have discussed about the IBM Platform. Fig -2: IBM Platform of BIG DATA 7. Big Data Challenges There are focal challenges of BIG DATA are data variety, velocity, volume and analytical workload intricacy More number of organizations is belligerent to compact with many problems with the large amount of data. In order to solve this problem, the organizations need to ease the amount of data being stored and develop new storage techniques which can improve storage use. 8. Uses of Big Data for Online Retailers Most minute merchants’ think that Big Data analysis is for well-built companies. In fact, it is essential for minute businesses, too, as they attempt to partake with the larger ones. This becomes even more important as online retailers proceed together with their customers in real time. Note, however, that management large sets of data can increase a site’s load time. A slow site troubles every aspect of the shopping procedure. Here are six uses of Big Data for online retailers. Personalization, Dynamic pricing, Customer service, Managing fraud, Supply chain visibility,Predictive analytics. ‘Big Data’ and e-commerce Tuesday 25 September 2012 9. Conclusion The expansion of information particularly of unstructured dataposes a special challengeas the volumeand diversity ofdata. One of the most promise technologies is the Apache Hadoop and Map Reduce structure for dealing with this big data problem. Big Data is a popular trend in business and in marketing. The concept can indicate different things to different businesses. For ecommerce, retailers should seek to use Big Data to collect big information, if you will, that may be used to make better marketing decisions,. 10. REFERENCES [1] Ecommerce.about.com [2] bloomreach.com/2012/05/ecommerce-challenges-that-can-be-solved-by-hadoop-and-big-data-apps/ [2] Ziff Davis, â€Å"E-Commerce.† Software World, 2003, vol. 30,pp. 207-212. [3] X. J. Tong, W. Jiang, â€Å"Research of Secure System of Electronic Commerce Based on Mix Encryption,† Microprocessors, 2006, vol. 4, pp. 44-47. [4] S. H. Qing, Cryptography and Computer Network Security. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2001. [5] Y. P. Hu, Y. Q. Zhang, Symmetric Cryptography. Beijing: Machinery Industry Press, 2002. [6] S. Z. Guan. Public Key Infrastructure PKI and Certification Authority. Beijing: Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2002.

Chemistry Coursework †Fuels Essay -- GCSE Chemistry Coursework Invest

Chemistry coursework – Fuels Planning ======== Aim --- In this investigation I will have to find out which of the alcohol fuels: methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol, is the best. The ‘best’ one will be the one which creates the most energy whilst burning. Introduction and prediction --------------------------- A fuel is a substance burned for heat or power. The best type of fuel is one that: can be transported safely without the worry of it catching on fire, gives out a lot of heat for a certain mass, does not cost very much, lights quickly, burns slowly, is safe to use and does not give off any form of polluting gases. When burning alcohols, as I am going to do in this investigation, the reaction is exothermic as heat is given out. Breaking the bonds of the original alcohol by burning requires energy-it is endothermic, making the bonds of the new products of burning the alcohol ie carbon dioxide and water gives out energy-it is exothermic. I predict that Butanol will require the most energy as it has the most bonds holding the carbon, oxygen and hydrogen atoms together. Propanol will require the second largest amount of energy, Ethanol the third and Methanol the least amount of energy to break these bonds. Methanol CH3OH Ethanol C2H5OH Propanol C3H7OH Butanol C4H9OH Pentanol C5H10OH Therefore I predict that Methanol will be the ‘best’ fuel, followed by Ethanol, then Propanol and the worst fuel will be Buta...

The Jesuit Legacy in India

The Jesuit Legacy in India Abstract: The Jesuits arrived in India in 1542 A. D. to carry out Christ’s command to â€Å"go and make disciples of all nations† (Matthew 28:19). Over the last 500 years, they have woven themselves into the very fabric of India with deep psychological, theological and sociological connotations. This article tells that story; highlights some noteworthy Jesuit influences on Modern India, particularly in the fields of education, medicine, social service and leadership training amongst the youth; and, draws leadership lessons from these Jesuit achievements.The Jesuits demonstrated servant leadership, transformational leadership, and transactional leadership qualities. Without the Jesuits, the article concludes, India would be a different country. The Jesuit Legacy in India Ad majorem Dei gloriam. For the greater glory of God. That’s the motto of a religious order of men called the Society of Jesus that has quietly influenced India, and pro vided understated leadership to the world’s largest democracy in many positive ways deserving of recognition.The influence of the Jesuits in India extends beyond just the spread of Christianity, weaving intricate psychological, theological and sociological patterns into the very fabric of modern Indian society. Professor George Menachery – appointed by Pope Benedict XVI as member of the Pontifical Equestrian Order of St. Gregory the Great in early 2008, and editor of the St.Thomas Christian Encyclopedia of India and the Indian Church History Classics – writes in Volume III of the former publication: the â€Å"factor which has won the Society a lasting place in the minds of the people and in the history of the nation is the large number of spheres which it has penetrated and permeated,† and goes on to list religion, spirituality, politics, education, science, technology, meteorology, diplomacy, indology, culture, history, geography, language, literature, a rt, architecture, sports, medicine, healthcare, social reforms, leadership formation, tribal and aboriginal movements, and nation-building as some of the contributions of the Jesuits to modern India. Brief History The organization was founded in 1534 by St. Ignatius Loyola (1491–1556), and received papal authorization in 1540 under Pope Paul III. Amongst the original six members was St. Francis Xavier, who was an ardent missionary with the passion to take Christ’s message to the East. He arrived in India in 1542, almost fifteen centuries after St. Thomas the Apostle had brought Christianity to India.With the arrival of Xavier, began a saga of leadership by the Society of Jesus in India that continues to this day, almost 500 years later. Pre-British India The expanding influence on the Jesuits on 17th century pre-British India has been well documented by historians, among them Ellison Banks Findly, who writes in Nur Jahan, Empress of Mughal India (Oxford University Pres s) that Mughal Emperor Jahangir (1569-1627) granted the Jesuits many privileges, and spent â€Å"every night for one year†¦ in hearing disputation† amongst Christian and other theologians, and that his â€Å"most active interest in Christian doctrine was in the debates held at his court between the Jesuit fathers and the Muslim mullas. In fact, the Jesuit Mission of the Great Moghul was started at the request of Emperor Akbar, with Father Rudolph Acquaviva, the future Martyr, as its first Superior.The Jesuit Mission in Madura in the south was also begun at the request of the Hindu viceroy (nayakka) established in Madura, and later supported by Zulfikar Ali Khan (1690-1703), the first Nawab of the Carnatic. The Madura Mission counted among its members the celebrated Father Robert de Nobili, as well as Saint John de Britto. British India With the onset of British rule over India that effectively began in 1757 after the Battle of Plassey, the Jesuits found greater favor wi th the erstwhile powers. They began exerting increasing influence not only on the Christians in India, but also on the society at large.Even the Maharajas – whom the British allowed to reign as long as they paid their due taxes to the Crown – and their war councils and civil administrations, were positively influenced by the Jesuits, right from Goa to Cochin to Cape Comorin to Manapad to Mannar to Mylapore. Independent India By the time the British Empire was overthrown and independent India emerged in 1947, the Jesuits had entrenched themselves deeply into Indian society by way of leading and high-profile educational institutions, hospitals, charity organizations and other enterprises that became effective partners of the government in the young democracy in supporting growth.Professor George Menachery writes in The St. Thomas Christian Encyclopedia of India (Vol. III 2010): â€Å"the ubiquitous nature of the Society has through its varied missions become one of the most powerful influences in Indian history. Today there is hardly any Catholic ecclesiastical division in India or any revenue district in the country for that matter which does not boast some Jesuit enterprise or other, be it a school or a college, a technical training institute or an engineering establishment, a printing press or an infirmary, a seminary or a social service centre. † Psychological Influence on India Discipline positively impacted the Indian psycheThe Jesuit movement gathered force right in the middle of the Catholic revival called the Counter-Reformation that began with the Council of Trent (1545-1563) as a response to the Protestant Reformation, and ended with the Thirty Years’ War in 1648. Pope Paul III (1534–1549) led the Council of Trent, and tasked the attending cardinals with institutional reform to impact ecclesiastical (or structural) reconfiguration, religious orders, spiritual movements and political dimensions of the Catholic Church. New religious orders – such as the Jesuits, Capuchins, Ursulines, Theatines, Discalced Carmelites, and the Barnabites – were a fundamental part of this movement, and Jesuits in particular, greatly bolstered rural parishes, enhanced popular piety, succeeded in constraining corruption within the church, and played an exemplary role in overall Catholic renewal.These activities extended well into India. The Jesuit charter established by St. Ignatius Loyola was dictatorial and military-like (possibly emanating from the fact that Ignatius was a soldier before he became a priest); and, this iron discipline, rigid training and resolute character of the Jesuits created a deep psychological impact on the Indian psyche. Rev. Fr. Jerome Francis, a current Jesuit missionary in the Calcutta Province, opines that this perception of extreme discipline sat well with the general Indian populace and the rulers, and consequently boded well for the next phase of Jesuit growth in the count ry. Helped prevent Mysticism amongst Indian ChristiansAn example of rigid and inflexible discipline can be discerned in regulations such as Rule-13 of the Jesuit Charter that said: â€Å"I will believe that the white that I see is black if the hierarchical Church so defines it† (Jesuit Political Thought: The Society of Jesus and the State by Harro Hopfl, Cambridge University Press, 2004). Ursula King writes in Christian Mystics: The Spiritual Heart of the Christian Tradition (Simon & Schuster, 1998) that such rigid principles helped prevent the spread of mysticism amongst Christians in India, even while mysticism ran high in parts of Europe during the Catholic revival, with leaders like Teresa of Avila (1515-82) and John of the Cross (1542-91). The spread of mysticism made the institutional Church especially nervous because, carried to its logical conclusion, mysticism negates the need for priesthood and the sacraments.Since one of the central tenets of Hinduism is a formless God (â€Å"Thou art formless; thy only form is our knowledge of thee† – Upanishads), Christians exposed to Hindu thought were especially prone mysticism, as has been proven over and over again by later-day Christian mystics like Father Bede Griffiths (1906-1993) and Henry le Saux (1910-1973). Closer psychological integration with Hindu society The Jesuits also introduced to India the Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius, which was endorsed by Pope Paul III in 1548, and exemplified the Society of Jesus in the way these exercises helped the Jesuits understand human relationship with God, and live a life of commitment to Christ. The Exercises were a set of meditations, prayers and mental exercises designed to be carried out typically over a four week period, aimed at helping individuals discern Jesus in their lives and commit to a life of service to Christ.This rigid Jesuit tradition has been compared with devotionalism, and provided close parallels to Hindu ritualistic tradi tions, and helped psychologically in the closer integration of the Jesuits into Hindu society. Theological Influence Setting up of Seminaries Jesuits believed in establishing seminaries for the proper training of priests in the spiritual life and the theological traditions of the Church. Consequently, they set up several seminaries in India to dispense theological knowledge. Styled after the successful seminary of the Malankara Orthodox Church that was founded by St. Thomas, the Apostle in A. D. 52, and the Rachol Seminary founded in 1521 by the Church of Goa, the earliest Jesuit seminary was the St.Joseph's Inter-diocesan Seminary, Mangalore established in 1763; followed by St. Joseph’s Seminary started in West Bengal in 1879; and, the Society of the Missionaries of St. Francis Xavier founded in 1887 in Pilar. Today there are at least 22 Jesuit seminaries, many of them degree granting institutions authorized by the Vatican and the government of India. The foremost example of Jesuit theological excellence is the Vidyajyoti College of Theology in Delhi that currently enrolls hundreds of students coming from some 70 religious congregations, dioceses, secular institutes and lay associations from every part of India and abroad. Setting up of ChurchesOne of the earliest Jesuit churches was established by St. Francis Xavier himself in Tuticorin. Originally called the Jesuit Church of Saint Paul, its status was raised to that of a Basilica by Pope Paul II to mark its 400th anniversary, and is now known as the Basilica of Our Lady of the Snows, Tuticorin. St. Paul’s Churchaty in Diu on the west coast of India dates back to 1610. In all, there are over 110 Jesuit Churches in India, and these churches have always integrated well with Indian society in general, and with people from other faiths, in particular. To cite one example of this integration: During midnight mass on Christmas Eve in St.Paul’s Cathedral in Calcutta, the rush of Hindus is so he avy that the Church installs a loudspeaker system in the large gardens surrounding the Church, so that hundreds of Hindus who could not gain entry into the Cathedral, can sit and listen to the rituals. Evangelism Jesus commanded his eleven disciples to: â€Å"†¦ go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, and teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you. And surely I am with you always, to the very end of the age. † – Matthew 28:19,20 NIV. The Jesuits had evangelism as one of their stated goals, and their efforts first spread Christianity along the western â€Å"Konkan† coast of India. The Jesuits then spread both southwards (towards Madura) and northwards (towards Agra), continually converting Hindus and Muslims to Christianity. Rev. H. Hosten, S. J. writes in Jesuit Missionaries in Northern India and Inscriptions on their Tombs (1580-1803): â€Å"Under (Mughal Emperor) Jah angir†¦ several Mohamedan Princes were baptized†, among them â€Å"Currown, another of Jahangir's sons, and other of his friends (to make his way easier to the Crown) prevailed with Jahangir that his kinsmen Shaw Selym's Brother's Sons might be Christened; which accordingly was done in Agra†¦ that year they also baptized another Grandson of Akbar's. † Until the Protestant Missionaries came to India in the 18th century, the Jesuits were the prime force of evangelism in India. Typical and often quoted, but not unique, proactive initiative to reach out to the Indian masses is practiced today by the Indian Theological Seminary (ITS).Founded by the Jesuits, ITS is now an interdenominational seminary located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, with Gilgal Gospel Mission as its missionary training arm. The Gilgal Gospel Mission trains men and women, and sends them out into the world at large in pairs, into Hindu villages, with a view to them establishing friendship in the villag es, and starting, first, Sunday Schools and, later, Churches. ITS prepares three types of Church planters (a) bare foot evangelists (C. Th), (b) Bachelor of Theology (B. Th), and (c) Master of Divinity (M. Div). Graduates who prepare at ITS fulfill its mission of â€Å"Preaching Christ and Planting Churches† in every village, town and city.Many return to their homes in the various parts of India to continue teaching, preaching, and planting churches. Today, Christianity is India's third-largest religion, with approximately 24 million followers, constituting 2. 3% of India's population. The popularization of Annual Retreats amongst Priests and the Populace As noted earlier, the Jesuits avidly pursued the implementation of the Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius that were a set of meditations, prayers and mental exercises designed to be practiced in the form of a four week meditative retreat from normal life. The basic purpose of these retreats was to mediate the human-God relation ship; and, periodically re-examine and re-validate the nuances of that relationship.Such annual retreats became popular in India not only amongst the Jesuit priests, but even amongst priests from other faiths. The concept of retreats spread to the corporate world too, and Sunanda Dutta-Ray writing in The Statesman dated January 26, 2006, mention three instances where Chief Executive Officers of large Indian corporations – all Jesuit alumni – instituted the concept of a 3-day annual retreat modeled after their experience in school. Sociological Influence The largest visible Jesuit influence on India has been the wide and deep sociological impact – in terms of the development of the Indian people and societies – that is discernible everywhere.Jesuit Education With over 30 excellent high schools, over 10 high profile colleges for higher education, and innumerable elementary schools and vocational training centers all over India, Jesuit education is much soug ht after in the country. The foremost examples of Jesuit higher education are the Vellore Medical College and Hospital, one of India’s foremost teaching hospitals, Xavier Labor Relations Institute, one of India’s foremost business schools. Even St. Xavier’s College in Calcutta has produced many industry leaders, the foremost amongst them is Lakshmi Mittal, whose company – ArcelorMittal – is today the world’s largest steel producer.Loyola College in Chennai has similarly produced many leaders for the country, even a President (Ramaswamy Venkataraman) and a world chess champion (Viswanathan Anand). Most of these educational institutions date back to the earlier part of the 20th century, if not earlier still, and played a vigorous role in nation-building when India became independent. Former President of India, Abdul Kalam, lauded the Jesuits’ role in India education, while opening the 6th global meet of Jesuit institutions in Calcutta: â€Å"†Jesuit institutions have a big role in the spread of modern education in the country. Being a Jesuit alumnus myself, I'm aware of the great contribution of Jesuit education not only in India but around the world† (as reported by Krittivas Mukherjee for Indo-Asian News Service).Not content to be restricted to India alone, Jesuits from Calcutta recently gave education in Afghanistan a boost, when two of them – Maria Joseph and Sahaya Jude – recently travelled to the war-torn country and started training students and teachers (as reported in the The Telegraph, Jan 4, 2010). It should be mentioned in passing that all Jesuit education in India is completely secular. Catholic students are given additional training in Catechism, but students of other faiths are usually treated to a secular Moral Science lecture, or – at most – a watered down Bible History. Jesuit Social Work Jesuits have deeply been involved in social work and social reform.W hole books can be written on this subject alone, because these engagements have been – and continue to be – so numerous and so vigorous. Caritas India has been at the forefront of traditional social work, as the front organization for Catholic Charities, with thousands of people and hundreds of project sites spanning all across the country. It is only one of the more visible ones; in general, almost every Jesuit organization practices social work in its immediate vicinity, and engages the students of all its nationwide institutions in social activities. For instance, the Vidyajyoti College of Theology in Delhi has very active prison ministry, hospital ministry, slum ministry, tribal ministry, neighborhood ministry, and even a railway platform ministry.Many Jesuits ventured out into the villages and made a mark with their social activism. Just one such example is Father Michael Anthony Windey (1921-2009), founder of the Village Reconstruction Organization (VRO), who joi ned the Jesuits in 1938, traveled to India in 1946 and was ordained a priest in 1950. When he passed away in Belgium in 2009 while under treatment for cancer, he was mourned by the Church, social workers and villagers in India, because he had dedicated his life to using Gandhian methods to revolutionize village life in India. Said Father A. X. J. Bosco, a former head of the Jesuits? Andhra Pradesh province who has worked as VRO? operational director: â€Å"Father Windey was never bothered about the religion of the person he helped. While selecting villages, he always chose to help the poorest village. † Social Activism The involvement of the Jesuits extended to social activism, sometimes of a kind even questioned by the Vatican. Rone Tempest, staff writer, reported in the L. A. Times, Jan 21, 1986, on the Pope’s visit to India: â€Å"Significantly, the Pope will not visit the northern Bihar Muzafapur area, where radical Catholic priests have recently organized Hindu s erfs against powerful landlords, some of whom even maintain their own armies for private wars against their foes and bands of roving bandits, or dacoits.Similarly, when he visits the Catholic stronghold state of Kerala in southern India, he has no plans to visit areas in which radical priests and nuns, India's version of South America's â€Å"liberation theologists,† have organized sailboat fishermen, mostly Hindus and Muslims, against the motorized fishing trawler industry. † Leadership Training Service (LTS) LTS – short for Leadership Training Service – is a unique contribution by the Jesuits to Indian society. Initiated by five students of the Goethals Memorial School in Kurseong, West Bengal in 1959, Fr. Robert Wirth of St. Xavier’s School, Sahibganj, Bihar, was selected to lead the movement in 1970. Fr. Wirth did just that for the next 21 years from the LTS headquarter in Calcutta, and spread the movement to Jesuit educational institutes in 24 States. The LTS motto is: â€Å"For God and Country†, and resonated strongly with a developing India.The LTS vision involves the four-fold objectives of: (a) Personality Development; (b) Leadership Skills; (c) Social Awareness; and, Social Responsibility that leads to social development. The movement articulates this as â€Å"a journey from ‘I Consciousness’ (initiated through Personality development and mastering leadership skills) to ‘We Consciousness’ (achieved through inculcating social awareness and exercising social responsibility that leads to social development)† (as stated on its website: www. LTSworld. com). The LTS celebrated its Golden Jubilee in 2009, and brought Fr. Robert Wirth – who collaborated in the writing of this paper – all the way from Malta to the LTS headquarters in Calcutta.Today there are reportedly over 15,000 LTSers working towards India’s progress. Leadership Lessons from the Jesuits Consisten t and long-term success is never a result of accident or luck. The Jesuits have demonstrated strong leadership qualities throughout their 500 year history in India. Servant Leadership The Jesuits, through their disciplined and exemplary behavior, became role models for the Indian populace who observed them, interacted with them, and learned from them. Influencing through exemplary behavior is a fundamental tenet of servant leadership. The Jesuits also extensively and deeply served the people whose lives they touched, through social work, educational institutions, hospitals and other missions.This service was, and continues to be, in the best tradition of servitude demonstrated by Christ. Transformation Leadership Mark Pousson, Program Director for Service Learning at The Reinert Center for Teaching Excellence at the St. Louis University writes in The Notebook, a publication of the Reinert Center: â€Å"Historically, the Jesuits espouse the power of transformation through conversati on,† (Vol 11, Issue 4), and goes on to say that Ignatius Loyola, the founder of the Jesuit order, readily engaged people in conversation about God and spirituality. It is from his value of transformation through experiences that Saint Ignatius companions infused transformation in what is known as the Jesuit tradition of education.Jesuits heavily utilized this power of transformation through pedagogy and education in India, and – as earlier stated in this article – has left an indelible mark on the Indian education landscape. The Jesuits also practiced transformational leadership by inspiring Indians to strive for something better than they were used to, to push the limit, and to aim for excellence. Evidence of this is plentiful, but particular note may be taken of the Jesuit’s LTS (Leadership Training Service) initiative described earlier, which was a totally new concept in India when it was started in 1959, and continues to inspire and build the current g eneration of young leaders in the 21st century. In fact, the LTS movement resonates strongly with one of the fundamentals goal of transformation leadership: the make leaders out of followers.The Annual Retreats that the Jesuits taught the Indians and popularized amongst people of faith as well as the corporate world, was another instance where people were inspired and motivated to implement and practice innovative leadership solutions for everyday problems. Transactional Leadership Transactional leadership was commonly practiced by the Jesuits. A very common example was the exchange of better medical care for conversion to Christianity. It was a subtle but effective message. When the Jesuits set up modern medical care facilities in rural India – especially in the Tribal areas where people were not even Hindus, but practiced some form of pantheism – it is widely believed that it was not so much the preaching as the access to modern medical care that converted lots of tr ibal people to Christianity. Social Learning TheoryJesuit social activism, social work and its military-like discipline – all widely admired by the Hindus of India – triggered the positive effects of the Social Learning Theory, which argues that people learn best through a 3-step emulation process defined as: (a) observation, (b) imitation, and (c) modeling. When people like behavior they would like to emulate, they are motivated to do so on their own without having to be compelled in some covert or overt manner to oblige. Social Learning Theory, therefore, has feeds into the Servant Leadership theory, because servant leaders aim to influence followers through exemplary action and self-motivated emulation. The Jesuits in India put both servant leadership and social learning theories to good use. Epilogue In closing, a short acknowledgment says it all: Without the Jesuits, India would be a different country.